Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity
Salt stress induces cytotoxicity at the cellular level, influencing the vacuolization process, disrupting mitotic division, and thus inhibiting plant growth. The results for a range of species used in agriculture have shown that high soil salt levels affect germination, chlorophyl content and yield....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8461 |
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| author | Onisan Emilian Sarac Ioan Petrescu Irina Pascalau Raul Ciulca Adriana Camen Dorin Stroia Ciprian |
| author_facet | Onisan Emilian Sarac Ioan Petrescu Irina Pascalau Raul Ciulca Adriana Camen Dorin Stroia Ciprian |
| author_sort | Onisan Emilian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salt stress induces cytotoxicity at the cellular level, influencing the vacuolization process, disrupting mitotic division, and thus inhibiting plant growth. The results for a range of species used in agriculture have shown that high soil salt levels affect germination, chlorophyl content and yield. In this study, an experiment was carried out in the laboratory using NaCl concentration treatments of 0, 100, 125 and 150 mM on sunflower seeds of the inbred line HA-89 obtained from the USDA gene bank. For the experiment, the seeds were germinated in a salt solution and analyzed cytologically by calculating the mitotic index, chromosomal aberration index, provacuolar index and vacuolization index. Following our cytological studies, we observed that the vacuolization phenomenon was caused by salt stress and progressively accentuated by the salt concentration levels and exposure times. The formation of vacuolized cells is due to the fusion of provacuoles, which contributes to a uniform or non-uniform distribution of genetic material around them. According to our results, the vacuolization index showed high values depending on the NaCl concentration and stress exposure time. Similarly, high salt concentrations significantly decreased the mitotic index and increased the chromosomal aberration index. The effect of salt stress causes cell vacuolization, a decrease in the mitotic index and an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations in meristematic tissues, inhibiting growth and development and consequently leading to a reduction in productivity per unit area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-929ab89de2d14d39a6d619d38aa042e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-929ab89de2d14d39a6d619d38aa042e82023-11-18T18:13:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011314846110.3390/app13148461Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline CytotoxicityOnisan Emilian0Sarac Ioan1Petrescu Irina2Pascalau Raul3Ciulca Adriana4Camen Dorin5Stroia Ciprian6Genetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaGenetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaSalt stress induces cytotoxicity at the cellular level, influencing the vacuolization process, disrupting mitotic division, and thus inhibiting plant growth. The results for a range of species used in agriculture have shown that high soil salt levels affect germination, chlorophyl content and yield. In this study, an experiment was carried out in the laboratory using NaCl concentration treatments of 0, 100, 125 and 150 mM on sunflower seeds of the inbred line HA-89 obtained from the USDA gene bank. For the experiment, the seeds were germinated in a salt solution and analyzed cytologically by calculating the mitotic index, chromosomal aberration index, provacuolar index and vacuolization index. Following our cytological studies, we observed that the vacuolization phenomenon was caused by salt stress and progressively accentuated by the salt concentration levels and exposure times. The formation of vacuolized cells is due to the fusion of provacuoles, which contributes to a uniform or non-uniform distribution of genetic material around them. According to our results, the vacuolization index showed high values depending on the NaCl concentration and stress exposure time. Similarly, high salt concentrations significantly decreased the mitotic index and increased the chromosomal aberration index. The effect of salt stress causes cell vacuolization, a decrease in the mitotic index and an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations in meristematic tissues, inhibiting growth and development and consequently leading to a reduction in productivity per unit area.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8461salt stressvacuolecytotoxicityvacuolizationmitotic indexchromosomal aberrations |
| spellingShingle | Onisan Emilian Sarac Ioan Petrescu Irina Pascalau Raul Ciulca Adriana Camen Dorin Stroia Ciprian Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity Applied Sciences salt stress vacuole cytotoxicity vacuolization mitotic index chromosomal aberrations |
| title | Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity |
| title_full | Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity |
| title_fullStr | Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity |
| title_short | Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity |
| title_sort | cytological applications of the vacuolization phenomenon as a means of determining saline cytotoxicity |
| topic | salt stress vacuole cytotoxicity vacuolization mitotic index chromosomal aberrations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8461 |
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