Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context
In ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth, and survival. Thus, determining how temperature affects fish populations is of utmost importance to accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/16 |
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| author | Simrith E. Cordova-de la Cruz Marta F. Riesco Gil Martínez-Bautista Daniel Calzada-Ruiz Talhia Martínez-Burguete Emyr S. Peña-Marín Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-Gonzalez Ignacio Fernández |
| author_facet | Simrith E. Cordova-de la Cruz Marta F. Riesco Gil Martínez-Bautista Daniel Calzada-Ruiz Talhia Martínez-Burguete Emyr S. Peña-Marín Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-Gonzalez Ignacio Fernández |
| author_sort | Simrith E. Cordova-de la Cruz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth, and survival. Thus, determining how temperature affects fish populations is of utmost importance to accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition and food security in the coming years. Here, the potential effects of abnormal thermal regimes (24, 28 and 32 °C; TR24, TR28, and TR32, respectively) exclusively applied during embryogenesis in tropical gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) has been explored to decipher the potential consequences on hatching and growth from fertilization to 16 days post-fertilization (dpf), while effects on skeletal development and body morphology were explored at fertilization and 16 dpf. Egg incubation at higher temperatures induced an early hatching and mouth opening. A higher hatching rate was obtained in eggs incubated at 28 °C when compared to those at 24 °C. No differences were found in fish survival at 16 dpf, with values ranging from 84.89 to 88.86%, but increased wet body weight and standard length were found in larvae from TR24 and TR32 groups. Thermal regime during embryogenesis also altered the rate at which the skeletal development occurs. Larvae from the TR32 group showed an advanced skeletal development, with a higher development of cartilaginous structures at hatching but reduced at 16 dpf when compared with the TR24 and TR28 groups. Furthermore, this advanced skeletal development seemed to determine the fish body morphology. Based on biometric measures, a principal component analysis showed how along development, larvae from each thermal regime were clustered together, but with each population remaining clearly separated from each other. The current study shows how changes in temperature may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations in fish during early stages and contribute to understanding the possible effects of global warming in early development of fish and its ecological implications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-929b8483001a49738c33e3d814e62714 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-929b8483001a49738c33e3d814e627142023-11-23T19:51:26ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882022-01-01711610.3390/fishes7010016Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change ContextSimrith E. Cordova-de la Cruz0Marta F. Riesco1Gil Martínez-Bautista2Daniel Calzada-Ruiz3Talhia Martínez-Burguete4Emyr S. Peña-Marín5Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-Gonzalez6Ignacio Fernández7División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, MexicoCell Biology Area, Molecular Biology Department, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 Leon, SpainDevelopmental Physiology Laboratory, Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USADivisión Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, MexicoDivisión Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, MexicoDivisión Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, MexicoDivisión Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, MexicoCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), 36390 Vigo, SpainIn ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth, and survival. Thus, determining how temperature affects fish populations is of utmost importance to accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition and food security in the coming years. Here, the potential effects of abnormal thermal regimes (24, 28 and 32 °C; TR24, TR28, and TR32, respectively) exclusively applied during embryogenesis in tropical gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) has been explored to decipher the potential consequences on hatching and growth from fertilization to 16 days post-fertilization (dpf), while effects on skeletal development and body morphology were explored at fertilization and 16 dpf. Egg incubation at higher temperatures induced an early hatching and mouth opening. A higher hatching rate was obtained in eggs incubated at 28 °C when compared to those at 24 °C. No differences were found in fish survival at 16 dpf, with values ranging from 84.89 to 88.86%, but increased wet body weight and standard length were found in larvae from TR24 and TR32 groups. Thermal regime during embryogenesis also altered the rate at which the skeletal development occurs. Larvae from the TR32 group showed an advanced skeletal development, with a higher development of cartilaginous structures at hatching but reduced at 16 dpf when compared with the TR24 and TR28 groups. Furthermore, this advanced skeletal development seemed to determine the fish body morphology. Based on biometric measures, a principal component analysis showed how along development, larvae from each thermal regime were clustered together, but with each population remaining clearly separated from each other. The current study shows how changes in temperature may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations in fish during early stages and contribute to understanding the possible effects of global warming in early development of fish and its ecological implications.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/16temperatureskeletal developmentossificationmorphological alterations |
| spellingShingle | Simrith E. Cordova-de la Cruz Marta F. Riesco Gil Martínez-Bautista Daniel Calzada-Ruiz Talhia Martínez-Burguete Emyr S. Peña-Marín Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-Gonzalez Ignacio Fernández Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context Fishes temperature skeletal development ossification morphological alterations |
| title | Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context |
| title_full | Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context |
| title_fullStr | Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context |
| title_short | Larval Development in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context |
| title_sort | larval development in tropical gar i atractosteus tropicus i is dependent on the embryonic thermal regime ecological implications under a climate change context |
| topic | temperature skeletal development ossification morphological alterations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/16 |
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