| Summary: | <p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p>Em 1777 D. Maria I assumiu o trono de Portugal. Todavia, a rainha fora afastada do poder por se encontrar em um estado de insanidade mental e, durante a regência de seu filho D. João, iniciada em 1792, suas determinações sofreram uma inflexão. Sob um contexto de crise econômica, houve uma tentativa de reorganização das escolas, baseada em um processo de centralização administrativa. A partir deste contexto é que analisamos os temas discutidos neste artigo: a disseminação das aulas régias na Capitania de Minas Gerais e os salários dos professores. Para tanto, tomamos como fontes de pesquisa documentos oficiais, produzidos entre 1795 e 1800. Identificamos as aulas de Primeiras Letras e de Gramática Latina como as mais numerosas e, ainda, que nem sempre as escolas oficialmente autorizadas funcionavam. Os valores dos salários dos mestres eram diferenciados conforme a especialidade ensinada: Filosofia (460$000 réis anuais), Retórica (440$000), Gramática Latina (400$000) e Primeiras Letras (150$000). No final do século XVIII, havia professores que não recebiam os salários integralmente e muitos que não recebiam absolutamente nada há anos. Os professores de Primeiras Letras eram os que possuíam salários atrasados com maior frequência e, mesmo assim, continuavam a exercer suas atividades.</p><p><strong>PALAVRAS-CHAVE:</strong> aulas régias; reorganização dos estudos; salários de professores.</p><p><span id="result_box" lang="en"><strong><span class="hps">ABSTRACT:</span></strong><br /><br /> <span class="hps">In 1777</span> <span class="hps">Queen Mary I</span> <span class="hps">took the throne</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">Portugal</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">However</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">the queen</span> <span class="hps">was</span> <span class="hps">removed from</span> <span class="hps">power</span> <span class="hps">because he is</span> <span class="hps">in a state of</span> <span class="hps">insanity</span> <span class="hps">and</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">during the regency</span> <span class="hps">of his son</span> <span class="hps">King John</span><span>, started in</span> <span class="hps">1792</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">its provisions</span> <span class="hps">have undergone</span> <span class="hps">a shift</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Under a</span> <span class="hps">context</span> <span class="hps">of economic crisis,</span> <span class="hps">there was an attempt</span> <span class="hps">to reorganize</span> <span class="hps">the schools,</span> <span class="hps">based on</span> <span class="hps">an administrative</span> <span class="hps">centralization</span> <span class="hps">process.</span> <span class="hps">From this</span> <span class="hps">context is that</span> <span class="hps">we analyze</span> <span class="hps">the issues discussed</span> <span class="hps">in this article:</span> <span class="hps">the spread of</span> <span class="hps">royal schools</span> <span class="hps">in</span> <span class="hps">Minas Gerais</span> <span class="hps">captaincy</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">teacher salaries</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">To this end</span><span>, we take as</span> <span class="hps">research sources</span> <span class="hps">Official documents issued</span> <span class="hps">between</span> <span class="hps">1795</span> <span class="hps">and 1800.</span> <span class="hps">We identify the</span> <span class="hps">classes</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">First Letters</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">Latin Grammar</span> <span class="hps">as</span> <span class="hps">the most numerous</span> <span class="hps">and also</span> <span class="hps">that not all the</span> <span class="hps">officially</span> <span class="hps">authorized</span> <span class="hps">schools operated</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Salaries</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">teachers</span> <span class="hps">were distinguished</span> <span class="hps">according to the</span> <span class="hps">specialty</span> <span class="hps">taught</span><span>:</span> <span class="hps">Philosophy</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span>$ 460</span> <span class="hps">000 per year</span> <span class="hps">reis</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">Rhetoric</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span>$ 440</span> <span class="hps">000)</span> <span class="hps">Latin Grammar</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span>$ 400</span> <span class="hps">000)</span> <span class="hps">First Letters</span> <span class="hps">(150</span> <span class="hps">000 USD</span><span>)</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">In the late eighteenth</span> <span class="hps">century, there were</span> <span class="hps">teachers who</span> <span class="hps">did not receive</span> <span class="hps">wages</span> <span class="hps">in full and</span> <span class="hps">many who</span> <span class="hps">did not receive</span> <span class="hps">anything at all</span> <span class="hps">for years.</span> <span class="hps">The</span> <span class="hps">First Letters</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">teachers were</span> <span class="hps">those who had</span> <span class="hps">back wages</span> <span class="hps">more often</span> <span class="hps">and yet</span> <span class="hps">they continued to</span> <span class="hps">perform their activities</span><span>.</span><br /><br /> <strong><span class="hps">KEYWORDS</span>: </strong><span class="hps">royal schools</span><span>;</span> <span class="hps">reorganization</span> <span class="hps">of the studies</span><span>;</span> <span class="hps">teacher salaries</span></span></p><p><span lang="en"><span class="hps">Recebido: 30/06/2012 Aceito: 19/10/2012<br /></span></span></p>
|
|---|