Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis
Vitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach was applied to analyze the impact of various c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/940 |
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| author | Giuseppe Murdaca Sara Banchero Alessandro Tonacci Alessio Nencioni Fiammetta Monacelli Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Murdaca Sara Banchero Alessandro Tonacci Alessio Nencioni Fiammetta Monacelli Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Murdaca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach was applied to analyze the impact of various compounds, drawn from the blood of AD patients, including VD and folic acid levels, on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in a cohort of 108 patients with AD. The first analysis was aimed at predicting the MMSE at recruitment, whereas a second investigation sought to predict the MMSE after a 4 year follow-up. The simultaneous presence of low levels of VD and folic acid allow to predict MMSE, suggestive of poorer cognitive function. Such results suggest that the low levels of VD and folic acid could be associated with more severe cases of cognitive impairment in AD. It could be hypothesized that simultaneous supplementation of VD and folic acid could slow down the progression of cerebral degeneration at least in a subset of AD individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:06:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92b18ecaba3f42128e742214b3a8079a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:06:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-92b18ecaba3f42128e742214b3a8079a2023-11-21T21:09:16ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-05-0111694010.3390/diagnostics11060940Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning AnalysisGiuseppe Murdaca0Sara Banchero1Alessandro Tonacci2Alessio Nencioni3Fiammetta Monacelli4Sebastiano Gangemi5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyClinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalySchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyVitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach was applied to analyze the impact of various compounds, drawn from the blood of AD patients, including VD and folic acid levels, on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in a cohort of 108 patients with AD. The first analysis was aimed at predicting the MMSE at recruitment, whereas a second investigation sought to predict the MMSE after a 4 year follow-up. The simultaneous presence of low levels of VD and folic acid allow to predict MMSE, suggestive of poorer cognitive function. Such results suggest that the low levels of VD and folic acid could be associated with more severe cases of cognitive impairment in AD. It could be hypothesized that simultaneous supplementation of VD and folic acid could slow down the progression of cerebral degeneration at least in a subset of AD individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/940Alzheimer’s diseasebiomarkersfolatemachine learningVitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Murdaca Sara Banchero Alessandro Tonacci Alessio Nencioni Fiammetta Monacelli Sebastiano Gangemi Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis Diagnostics Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers folate machine learning Vitamin D |
| title | Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis |
| title_full | Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis |
| title_short | Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis |
| title_sort | vitamin d and folate as predictors of mmse in alzheimer s disease a machine learning analysis |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers folate machine learning Vitamin D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/940 |
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