Tracheal Ring Formation
The trachea is a long tube that enables air passage between the larynx and the bronchi. C-shaped cartilage rings on the ventral side stabilise the structure. On its esophagus-facing dorsal side, deformable smooth muscle facilitates the passage of food in the esophagus. While the symmetry break along...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.900447/full |
| _version_ | 1818047529445490688 |
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| author | Dagmar Iber Dagmar Iber Malte Mederacke Malte Mederacke |
| author_facet | Dagmar Iber Dagmar Iber Malte Mederacke Malte Mederacke |
| author_sort | Dagmar Iber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The trachea is a long tube that enables air passage between the larynx and the bronchi. C-shaped cartilage rings on the ventral side stabilise the structure. On its esophagus-facing dorsal side, deformable smooth muscle facilitates the passage of food in the esophagus. While the symmetry break along the dorsal-ventral axis is well understood, the molecular mechanism that results in the periodic Sox9 expression pattern that translates into the cartilage rings has remained elusive. Here, we review the molecular regulatory interactions that have been elucidated, and discuss possible patterning mechanisms. Understanding the principles of self-organisation is important, both to define biomedical interventions and to enable tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:07:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92b3153db95644b7b27f02a557e7aa4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:07:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-92b3153db95644b7b27f02a557e7aa4d2022-12-22T01:53:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-04-011010.3389/fcell.2022.900447900447Tracheal Ring FormationDagmar Iber0Dagmar Iber1Malte Mederacke2Malte Mederacke3Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, SwitzerlandSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, SwitzerlandSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, SwitzerlandThe trachea is a long tube that enables air passage between the larynx and the bronchi. C-shaped cartilage rings on the ventral side stabilise the structure. On its esophagus-facing dorsal side, deformable smooth muscle facilitates the passage of food in the esophagus. While the symmetry break along the dorsal-ventral axis is well understood, the molecular mechanism that results in the periodic Sox9 expression pattern that translates into the cartilage rings has remained elusive. Here, we review the molecular regulatory interactions that have been elucidated, and discuss possible patterning mechanisms. Understanding the principles of self-organisation is important, both to define biomedical interventions and to enable tissue engineering.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.900447/fulltracheacartilage ringssymmetry breakSOX9Turing patternchemotaxis |
| spellingShingle | Dagmar Iber Dagmar Iber Malte Mederacke Malte Mederacke Tracheal Ring Formation Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology trachea cartilage rings symmetry break SOX9 Turing pattern chemotaxis |
| title | Tracheal Ring Formation |
| title_full | Tracheal Ring Formation |
| title_fullStr | Tracheal Ring Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracheal Ring Formation |
| title_short | Tracheal Ring Formation |
| title_sort | tracheal ring formation |
| topic | trachea cartilage rings symmetry break SOX9 Turing pattern chemotaxis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.900447/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dagmariber trachealringformation AT dagmariber trachealringformation AT maltemederacke trachealringformation AT maltemederacke trachealringformation |