Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats
Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) shows promise to treat neurological disorders. Knowledge of how the orthogonal components of the electric field (E-field) alter neuronal activity is required for strategic placement of transcranial electrodes. Yet, essentially no information exis...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Brain Stimulation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20302400 |
| _version_ | 1819159906032287744 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmet S. Asan Eric J. Lang Mesut Sahin |
| author_facet | Ahmet S. Asan Eric J. Lang Mesut Sahin |
| author_sort | Ahmet S. Asan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) shows promise to treat neurological disorders. Knowledge of how the orthogonal components of the electric field (E-field) alter neuronal activity is required for strategic placement of transcranial electrodes. Yet, essentially no information exists on this relationship for mammalian cerebellum in vivo, despite the cerebellum being a target for clinical tES studies. Objective: To characterize how cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) activity varies with the intensity, frequency, and direction of applied AC and DC E-fields. Methods: Extracellular recordings were obtained from vermis lobule 7 PCs in anesthetized rats. AC (2–100 Hz) or DC E-fields were generated in a range of intensities (0.75–30 mV/mm) in three orthogonal directions. Field-evoked PC simple spike activity was characterized in terms of firing rate modulation and phase-locking as a function of these parameters. t-tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results: The effect of applied E-fields was direction and intensity dependent, with rostrocaudally directed fields causing stronger modulations than dorsoventral fields and mediolaterally directed ones causing little to no effect, on average. The directionality dependent modulation suggests that PC is the primary cell type affected the most by electric stimulation, and this effect was probably given rise by a large dendritic tree and a soma. AC stimulation entrained activity in a frequency dependent manner, with stronger phase-locking to the stimulus cycle at higher frequencies. DC fields produced a modulation consisting of strong transients at current onset and offset with an intervening plateau. Conclusion: Orientation of the exogenous E-field critically determines the modulation depth of cerebellar cortical output. With properly oriented fields, PC simple spike activity can strongly be entrained by AC fields, overriding the spontaneous firing pattern. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:47:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92c2bb2dcca646ce8d852ac7340f93e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:47:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Stimulation |
| spelling | doaj.art-92c2bb2dcca646ce8d852ac7340f93e82022-12-21T18:19:41ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2020-11-0113615481558Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized ratsAhmet S. Asan0Eric J. Lang1Mesut Sahin2Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USADepartment of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, Science Building, New York, NY, 07102, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA; Corresponding author., .Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) shows promise to treat neurological disorders. Knowledge of how the orthogonal components of the electric field (E-field) alter neuronal activity is required for strategic placement of transcranial electrodes. Yet, essentially no information exists on this relationship for mammalian cerebellum in vivo, despite the cerebellum being a target for clinical tES studies. Objective: To characterize how cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) activity varies with the intensity, frequency, and direction of applied AC and DC E-fields. Methods: Extracellular recordings were obtained from vermis lobule 7 PCs in anesthetized rats. AC (2–100 Hz) or DC E-fields were generated in a range of intensities (0.75–30 mV/mm) in three orthogonal directions. Field-evoked PC simple spike activity was characterized in terms of firing rate modulation and phase-locking as a function of these parameters. t-tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results: The effect of applied E-fields was direction and intensity dependent, with rostrocaudally directed fields causing stronger modulations than dorsoventral fields and mediolaterally directed ones causing little to no effect, on average. The directionality dependent modulation suggests that PC is the primary cell type affected the most by electric stimulation, and this effect was probably given rise by a large dendritic tree and a soma. AC stimulation entrained activity in a frequency dependent manner, with stronger phase-locking to the stimulus cycle at higher frequencies. DC fields produced a modulation consisting of strong transients at current onset and offset with an intervening plateau. Conclusion: Orientation of the exogenous E-field critically determines the modulation depth of cerebellar cortical output. With properly oriented fields, PC simple spike activity can strongly be entrained by AC fields, overriding the spontaneous firing pattern.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20302400Electrical stimulationCerebellar modulationSpike entrainmentTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) |
| spellingShingle | Ahmet S. Asan Eric J. Lang Mesut Sahin Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats Brain Stimulation Electrical stimulation Cerebellar modulation Spike entrainment Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) |
| title | Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| title_full | Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| title_fullStr | Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| title_short | Entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional AC electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| title_sort | entrainment of cerebellar purkinje cells with directional ac electric fields in anesthetized rats |
| topic | Electrical stimulation Cerebellar modulation Spike entrainment Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20302400 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmetsasan entrainmentofcerebellarpurkinjecellswithdirectionalacelectricfieldsinanesthetizedrats AT ericjlang entrainmentofcerebellarpurkinjecellswithdirectionalacelectricfieldsinanesthetizedrats AT mesutsahin entrainmentofcerebellarpurkinjecellswithdirectionalacelectricfieldsinanesthetizedrats |