Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing
Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is an iron-based alloy as a candidate structural material in fusion reactor. This paper evaluates the compatibility of RAFM steel as a choice material for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two specimens of RAFM steels with high and low heat...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179122001429 |
| _version_ | 1811204385144832000 |
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| author | Wei Chen Haibo Cao Libin Zhu |
| author_facet | Wei Chen Haibo Cao Libin Zhu |
| author_sort | Wei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is an iron-based alloy as a candidate structural material in fusion reactor. This paper evaluates the compatibility of RAFM steel as a choice material for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two specimens of RAFM steels with high and low heat input were fabricated by WAAM. The effects of the heat input on the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of samples were investigated. The fusion boundaries are spaced uniformly in the whole sample. Three distinctive zones were present in the periodic region, including heat-affected zone (HAZ), columnar grains zone and fine-grained zone occurred alternatively. The HAZ was affected by the heat input. The fully γ-annealed top region consisted of epitaxial elongated grains without HAZ. The periodic pattern in microhardness along the building direction was found which was related to the periodic microstructure featured. The tensile properties presented anisotropic characteristics due to the heterogeneous microstructure. Further analysis indicated that the grain coarsening in the HAZ and C precipitates distributed at the grain boundaries caused substantial softened in the HAZ, resulted in the lower localized microhardness and tensile strength. Compared to the high heat input specimen, the low heat input specimen had smaller grain sizes, higher microhardness and tensile properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:12:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d3c75b77ba483e8106bfeab6227fd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-1791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:12:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d3c75b77ba483e8106bfeab6227fd62022-12-22T03:50:19ZengElsevierNuclear Materials and Energy2352-17912022-10-0133101261Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturingWei Chen0Haibo Cao1Libin Zhu2Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaHefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Corresponding author.Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is an iron-based alloy as a candidate structural material in fusion reactor. This paper evaluates the compatibility of RAFM steel as a choice material for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two specimens of RAFM steels with high and low heat input were fabricated by WAAM. The effects of the heat input on the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of samples were investigated. The fusion boundaries are spaced uniformly in the whole sample. Three distinctive zones were present in the periodic region, including heat-affected zone (HAZ), columnar grains zone and fine-grained zone occurred alternatively. The HAZ was affected by the heat input. The fully γ-annealed top region consisted of epitaxial elongated grains without HAZ. The periodic pattern in microhardness along the building direction was found which was related to the periodic microstructure featured. The tensile properties presented anisotropic characteristics due to the heterogeneous microstructure. Further analysis indicated that the grain coarsening in the HAZ and C precipitates distributed at the grain boundaries caused substantial softened in the HAZ, resulted in the lower localized microhardness and tensile strength. Compared to the high heat input specimen, the low heat input specimen had smaller grain sizes, higher microhardness and tensile properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179122001429Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steelWire arc additive manufacturingHeterogeneous microstructureAnisotropic mechanical propertiesHeat-affected zone softening |
| spellingShingle | Wei Chen Haibo Cao Libin Zhu Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing Nuclear Materials and Energy Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel Wire arc additive manufacturing Heterogeneous microstructure Anisotropic mechanical properties Heat-affected zone softening |
| title | Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| title_full | Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| title_short | Heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| title_sort | heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| topic | Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel Wire arc additive manufacturing Heterogeneous microstructure Anisotropic mechanical properties Heat-affected zone softening |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179122001429 |
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