Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS
Scrubber water, a waste stream generated by ships exhaust gas cleaning systems, may pose a threat when released into the marine environment due to potential contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkyl derivatives (alkyl-PAHs). This study aims to develop a reliable anal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-06-01
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| Series: | MethodsX |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016124000438 |
| _version_ | 1797337106598592512 |
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| author | Elisa García-Gómez Sara Insa Meritxell Gros Mira Petrović |
| author_facet | Elisa García-Gómez Sara Insa Meritxell Gros Mira Petrović |
| author_sort | Elisa García-Gómez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scrubber water, a waste stream generated by ships exhaust gas cleaning systems, may pose a threat when released into the marine environment due to potential contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkyl derivatives (alkyl-PAHs). This study aims to develop a reliable analytical procedure combining headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) to simultaneously separate and determine target compounds in aqueous samples. Method validation demonstrated good linearity up to 200 ng L−1 (r2> 0.996) and low limits of detection (0.33 to 1.67 ng L−1, except for naphthalene at 3.3 ng L−1). The method shows good precision (RSD<20%) and satisfactory analytical recoveries. The methodology was successfully applied to scrubber water samples collected from a container ship and the results highlight the prevalence of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and their alkyl derivatives. • Rapid and reproducible HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS method for the analysis of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water. • The capacity of SPME to analyze both filtered and unfiltered samples was assessed, showing that the more hydrophobic PAHs may be lost during filtration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:04:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d475743cf149cbba0a27c64668c20e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2215-0161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:04:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MethodsX |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d475743cf149cbba0a27c64668c20e2024-02-01T06:29:57ZengElsevierMethodsX2215-01612024-06-0112102589Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MSElisa García-Gómez0Sara Insa1Meritxell Gros2Mira Petrović3Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, SpainCatalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, SpainCatalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain; Corresponding author.Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, SpainScrubber water, a waste stream generated by ships exhaust gas cleaning systems, may pose a threat when released into the marine environment due to potential contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkyl derivatives (alkyl-PAHs). This study aims to develop a reliable analytical procedure combining headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) to simultaneously separate and determine target compounds in aqueous samples. Method validation demonstrated good linearity up to 200 ng L−1 (r2> 0.996) and low limits of detection (0.33 to 1.67 ng L−1, except for naphthalene at 3.3 ng L−1). The method shows good precision (RSD<20%) and satisfactory analytical recoveries. The methodology was successfully applied to scrubber water samples collected from a container ship and the results highlight the prevalence of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and their alkyl derivatives. • Rapid and reproducible HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS method for the analysis of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water. • The capacity of SPME to analyze both filtered and unfiltered samples was assessed, showing that the more hydrophobic PAHs may be lost during filtration.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016124000438PAHsalkyl-PAHsHS-SPME-GC–MS/MSScrubber water samplesMarine pollution |
| spellingShingle | Elisa García-Gómez Sara Insa Meritxell Gros Mira Petrović Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS MethodsX PAHs alkyl-PAHs HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS Scrubber water samples Marine pollution |
| title | Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS |
| title_full | Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS |
| title_short | Rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and alkyl-PAHs in scrubber water using HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS |
| title_sort | rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of pahs and alkyl pahs in scrubber water using hs spme gc ms ms |
| topic | PAHs alkyl-PAHs HS-SPME-GC–MS/MS Scrubber water samples Marine pollution |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016124000438 |
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