Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice
Background: Viagra is a white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 666.7, covered with a blue shell and takes the shape of a diamond or a rhombus. Male Swiss white mice were used to study the effect of Viagra on learning behavior, some neurotransmitters, and indicators of oxidative stress....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723000617 |
| _version_ | 1797844339297091584 |
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| author | Zarraq E. Al-Fif Gasem M. Abu-Taweel Ghaliah H. Almalki Yosra A. Modafer |
| author_facet | Zarraq E. Al-Fif Gasem M. Abu-Taweel Ghaliah H. Almalki Yosra A. Modafer |
| author_sort | Zarraq E. Al-Fif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Viagra is a white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 666.7, covered with a blue shell and takes the shape of a diamond or a rhombus. Male Swiss white mice were used to study the effect of Viagra on learning behavior, some neurotransmitters, and indicators of oxidative stress. In the Shuttle box, Water-maze, and T-Maze tests, Viagra -treated males showed decreased body weight and improved learning behavior. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Viagra oral administration on learning behavior, neurotransmitters, and oxidative markers in male mice. Methods: In this study, Dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyanisole (5-HA) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were all downregulated. Biochemical assays such as glutathione (GSH) and enzyme activity of Glutathione S Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) was studied. Results: The results of this study show that the shuttle box test, Viagra exposure, water maize test, and t-maize test were all associated (p < 0.05). Exposure to Viagra decreased DA, 5-HT, AChE, GSH, GST, CAT, and SOD, although TBARS was significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to their control groups. Conclusion: This study contained the necessary explanations that explain the causes of the effect of Viagra on learning and other data, depending on the results obtained and other previous studies in this field. In general, Viagra still needs more studies to detect its harmful effects on other aspects of human and animal health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:20:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d568c12f1e4eca836840e8b9d8bed7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1018-3647 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:20:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d568c12f1e4eca836840e8b9d8bed72023-04-19T04:21:51ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472023-05-01354102599Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male miceZarraq E. Al-Fif0Gasem M. Abu-Taweel1Ghaliah H. Almalki2Yosra A. Modafer3Center for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan 42145, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Viagra is a white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 666.7, covered with a blue shell and takes the shape of a diamond or a rhombus. Male Swiss white mice were used to study the effect of Viagra on learning behavior, some neurotransmitters, and indicators of oxidative stress. In the Shuttle box, Water-maze, and T-Maze tests, Viagra -treated males showed decreased body weight and improved learning behavior. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Viagra oral administration on learning behavior, neurotransmitters, and oxidative markers in male mice. Methods: In this study, Dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyanisole (5-HA) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were all downregulated. Biochemical assays such as glutathione (GSH) and enzyme activity of Glutathione S Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) was studied. Results: The results of this study show that the shuttle box test, Viagra exposure, water maize test, and t-maize test were all associated (p < 0.05). Exposure to Viagra decreased DA, 5-HT, AChE, GSH, GST, CAT, and SOD, although TBARS was significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to their control groups. Conclusion: This study contained the necessary explanations that explain the causes of the effect of Viagra on learning and other data, depending on the results obtained and other previous studies in this field. In general, Viagra still needs more studies to detect its harmful effects on other aspects of human and animal health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723000617ViagraLearning behaviorMorri’s maze: neurotransmittersIndicators of oxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Zarraq E. Al-Fif Gasem M. Abu-Taweel Ghaliah H. Almalki Yosra A. Modafer Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice Journal of King Saud University: Science Viagra Learning behavior Morri’s maze: neurotransmitters Indicators of oxidative stress |
| title | Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| title_full | Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| title_fullStr | Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| title_short | Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| title_sort | viagra exposure effects on learning and memory some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice |
| topic | Viagra Learning behavior Morri’s maze: neurotransmitters Indicators of oxidative stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723000617 |
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