Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model
An study of temporal organization of the cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–hydrogen blends is presented. First, long time series are generated by means of a quasi-dimensional model incorporating the key chemical and physical components, leading...
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MDPI AG
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/968 |
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| author | Israel Reyes-Ramírez Santiago D. Martínez-Boggio Pedro L. Curto-Risso Alejandro Medina Antonio Calvo Hernández Lev Guzmán-Vargas |
| author_facet | Israel Reyes-Ramírez Santiago D. Martínez-Boggio Pedro L. Curto-Risso Alejandro Medina Antonio Calvo Hernández Lev Guzmán-Vargas |
| author_sort | Israel Reyes-Ramírez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An study of temporal organization of the cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–hydrogen blends is presented. First, long time series are generated by means of a quasi-dimensional model incorporating the key chemical and physical components, leading to variability in the time evolution of energetic functions. The alterations in the combustion process, for instance the composition of reactants, may lead to quantitative changes in the time evolution of the main engine variables. It has been observed that the presence of hydrogen in the fuel mixture leads to an increased laminar flame speed, with a corresponding decrease in CCV dispersion. Here, the effects of different hydrogen concentrations in the fuel are considered. First, it is observed that return maps of heat release sequences exhibit different patterns for different hydrogen concentrations and fuel–air ratios. Second, a symbolic analysis is used to characterize time series. The symbolic method is based on the probability of occurrence of consecutive states (a word) in a symbolic sequence histogram (SSH). Modified Shannon entropy is computed in order to determine the adequate word length. Results reveal the presence of non-random patterns in the sequences and soft transitions between states. Moreover, the general behavior of CCV simulations results and three types of synthetic noises: white, log-normal, and a noisy logistic map, are compared. This analysis reveals that the non-random features observed in heat release sequences are quite different from synthetic noises. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:55:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d5b5eec9fb40f89e3fb008290dad06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:55:17Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d5b5eec9fb40f89e3fb008290dad062022-12-22T04:25:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-04-0111496810.3390/en11040968en11040968Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine ModelIsrael Reyes-Ramírez0Santiago D. Martínez-Boggio1Pedro L. Curto-Risso2Alejandro Medina3Antonio Calvo Hernández4Lev Guzmán-Vargas5Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas (UPIITA)—Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, MexicoInstituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Producción Industrial, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, UruguayInstituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Producción Industrial, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, UruguayDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, SpainDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, SpainUnidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas (UPIITA)—Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, MexicoAn study of temporal organization of the cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–hydrogen blends is presented. First, long time series are generated by means of a quasi-dimensional model incorporating the key chemical and physical components, leading to variability in the time evolution of energetic functions. The alterations in the combustion process, for instance the composition of reactants, may lead to quantitative changes in the time evolution of the main engine variables. It has been observed that the presence of hydrogen in the fuel mixture leads to an increased laminar flame speed, with a corresponding decrease in CCV dispersion. Here, the effects of different hydrogen concentrations in the fuel are considered. First, it is observed that return maps of heat release sequences exhibit different patterns for different hydrogen concentrations and fuel–air ratios. Second, a symbolic analysis is used to characterize time series. The symbolic method is based on the probability of occurrence of consecutive states (a word) in a symbolic sequence histogram (SSH). Modified Shannon entropy is computed in order to determine the adequate word length. Results reveal the presence of non-random patterns in the sequences and soft transitions between states. Moreover, the general behavior of CCV simulations results and three types of synthetic noises: white, log-normal, and a noisy logistic map, are compared. This analysis reveals that the non-random features observed in heat release sequences are quite different from synthetic noises.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/968spark-ignition enginesquasi-dimensional simulationscycle-to-cycle variabilitysymbolic analysisinformation theorygasoline–hydrogen blends |
| spellingShingle | Israel Reyes-Ramírez Santiago D. Martínez-Boggio Pedro L. Curto-Risso Alejandro Medina Antonio Calvo Hernández Lev Guzmán-Vargas Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model Energies spark-ignition engines quasi-dimensional simulations cycle-to-cycle variability symbolic analysis information theory gasoline–hydrogen blends |
| title | Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model |
| title_full | Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model |
| title_fullStr | Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model |
| title_short | Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model |
| title_sort | symbolic analysis of the cycle to cycle variability of a gasoline hydrogen fueled spark engine model |
| topic | spark-ignition engines quasi-dimensional simulations cycle-to-cycle variability symbolic analysis information theory gasoline–hydrogen blends |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/968 |
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