Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease
Objectives Due to their location in the entrance of the aero‐digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.260 |
| _version_ | 1818339878367133696 |
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| author | Anna Holm Alexandra Schindele Annika Allard Irene Eriksson Karl Sandström Göran Laurell Karin Nylander Katarina Olofsson |
| author_facet | Anna Holm Alexandra Schindele Annika Allard Irene Eriksson Karl Sandström Göran Laurell Karin Nylander Katarina Olofsson |
| author_sort | Anna Holm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives Due to their location in the entrance of the aero‐digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs. Aim To investigate if tonsils are infected with HPV and EBV, to study the co‐expression of HPV and its surrogate marker p16, and to evaluate the number of EBV positive cells in benign tonsillar disease. Materials and Methods Tonsils from 40 patients in a university hospital were removed due to hypertrophy, chronic or recurrent infection. These were analyzed for presence of HPV, its surrogate marker p16, and EBV. HPV was studied using PapilloCheck (a PCR method), while p16 was identified in epithelial and lymphoid tissue with immunohistochemistry and EBV using EBER‐ISH (Epstein‐Barr encoding region–in situ hybridization). Results HPV was not detected, and p16 was present at low numbers in all epithelial samples as well as in 92.5% of the lymphoid tonsillar samples. At least one EBER‐positive cell was seen in 65% of cases. Larger numbers of EBER‐expressing cells were only seen in two cases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that EBV and HPV infect tonsils independently, but further studies are warranted to confirm their infectious relationship. Level of Evidence Cross‐sectional study |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:34:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d8e255fee14669854d93f4f6e3f608 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2378-8038 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:34:00Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d8e255fee14669854d93f4f6e3f6082022-12-21T23:40:06ZengWileyLaryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology2378-80382019-06-014328529110.1002/lio2.260Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar diseaseAnna Holm0Alexandra Schindele1Annika Allard2Irene Eriksson3Karl Sandström4Göran Laurell5Karin Nylander6Katarina Olofsson7Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Clinical Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Clinical Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Pathology Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDivision of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenObjectives Due to their location in the entrance of the aero‐digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs. Aim To investigate if tonsils are infected with HPV and EBV, to study the co‐expression of HPV and its surrogate marker p16, and to evaluate the number of EBV positive cells in benign tonsillar disease. Materials and Methods Tonsils from 40 patients in a university hospital were removed due to hypertrophy, chronic or recurrent infection. These were analyzed for presence of HPV, its surrogate marker p16, and EBV. HPV was studied using PapilloCheck (a PCR method), while p16 was identified in epithelial and lymphoid tissue with immunohistochemistry and EBV using EBER‐ISH (Epstein‐Barr encoding region–in situ hybridization). Results HPV was not detected, and p16 was present at low numbers in all epithelial samples as well as in 92.5% of the lymphoid tonsillar samples. At least one EBER‐positive cell was seen in 65% of cases. Larger numbers of EBER‐expressing cells were only seen in two cases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that EBV and HPV infect tonsils independently, but further studies are warranted to confirm their infectious relationship. Level of Evidence Cross‐sectional studyhttps://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.260Human papillomavirusEpstein‐Barr virusnon‐malignant tonsillar diseaseEBER‐ISHPapilloCheckimmunohistochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Anna Holm Alexandra Schindele Annika Allard Irene Eriksson Karl Sandström Göran Laurell Karin Nylander Katarina Olofsson Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Human papillomavirus Epstein‐Barr virus non‐malignant tonsillar disease EBER‐ISH PapilloCheck immunohistochemistry |
| title | Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease |
| title_full | Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease |
| title_fullStr | Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease |
| title_short | Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease |
| title_sort | mapping of human papilloma virus p16 and epstein barr virus in non malignant tonsillar disease |
| topic | Human papillomavirus Epstein‐Barr virus non‐malignant tonsillar disease EBER‐ISH PapilloCheck immunohistochemistry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.260 |
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