Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran
Abstract This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33919-0 |
| _version_ | 1827956834734964736 |
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| author | Kiomars Sharafi Samaneh Nakhaee Nammam Ali Azadi Borhan Mansouri Saba Miri Kermanshahi Maedeh Paknahad Yazdan Habibi |
| author_facet | Kiomars Sharafi Samaneh Nakhaee Nammam Ali Azadi Borhan Mansouri Saba Miri Kermanshahi Maedeh Paknahad Yazdan Habibi |
| author_sort | Kiomars Sharafi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collecting milk samples, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment as well as uncertainty analysis of toxic metal levels were carried out. The order of concentration of heavy metals/metalloids in the breast milk samples was Cr (41.07 ± 23.19) > Ni (19.25 ± 11.81) > Pb (11.5 ± 4.48) > As (1.96 ± 2.04) > Cd (.72 ± 0.42) > Hg (0.31 ± 0.26). The results revealed that the levels of Cr and Pb in the breast milk samples were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake. In the breast milk samples a high levels of one of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were observed (over 73%) and in 40% of them the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni were all above WHO tolerable daily intake. Moreover, the As-related point assessment of target risk factor (THQ) was higher than the allowable limit only for 1-month-old male neonates and 2-month-old female neonates (THQ > 1). In addition, Cr-related THQ scores were higher at all age and gender groups (THQ > 1). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential risk of some metals for infants via the consumption of mothers' breast milk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92d91db619cf486ea5ee18047dc36095 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-92d91db619cf486ea5ee18047dc360952023-04-30T11:14:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-04-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-33919-0Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western IranKiomars Sharafi0Samaneh Nakhaee1Nammam Ali Azadi2Borhan Mansouri3Saba Miri Kermanshahi4Maedeh Paknahad5Yazdan Habibi6Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesMedical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical SciencesBiostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesAbstract This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collecting milk samples, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment as well as uncertainty analysis of toxic metal levels were carried out. The order of concentration of heavy metals/metalloids in the breast milk samples was Cr (41.07 ± 23.19) > Ni (19.25 ± 11.81) > Pb (11.5 ± 4.48) > As (1.96 ± 2.04) > Cd (.72 ± 0.42) > Hg (0.31 ± 0.26). The results revealed that the levels of Cr and Pb in the breast milk samples were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake. In the breast milk samples a high levels of one of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were observed (over 73%) and in 40% of them the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni were all above WHO tolerable daily intake. Moreover, the As-related point assessment of target risk factor (THQ) was higher than the allowable limit only for 1-month-old male neonates and 2-month-old female neonates (THQ > 1). In addition, Cr-related THQ scores were higher at all age and gender groups (THQ > 1). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential risk of some metals for infants via the consumption of mothers' breast milk.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33919-0 |
| spellingShingle | Kiomars Sharafi Samaneh Nakhaee Nammam Ali Azadi Borhan Mansouri Saba Miri Kermanshahi Maedeh Paknahad Yazdan Habibi Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran Scientific Reports |
| title | Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran |
| title_full | Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran |
| title_fullStr | Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran |
| title_short | Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran |
| title_sort | human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in western iran |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33919-0 |
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