In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case
Infections caused by biofilm-forming agents have important implications for world health. Mixed infections, caused by more than one etiological agent, are also an emerging problem, especially regarding the standardization of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Cases of mixed onychomycosis (OM...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/696 |
| _version_ | 1797588710696419328 |
|---|---|
| author | Polyana de Souza Costa Maria Eduarda Basso Melyssa Negri Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski |
| author_facet | Polyana de Souza Costa Maria Eduarda Basso Melyssa Negri Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski |
| author_sort | Polyana de Souza Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infections caused by biofilm-forming agents have important implications for world health. Mixed infections, caused by more than one etiological agent, are also an emerging problem, especially regarding the standardization of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Cases of mixed onychomycosis (OM) have been reported; however, studies on the microbial interactions between the different fungi in biofilms formed on nails are still scarce. We describe a case of mixed OM caused by the dermatophyte <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and the black yeast-like fungus <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i>. Identical growths of both fungi were observed in more than 50 cultures from different nail samples. Additionally, both species were able to form organized single and mixed biofilms, reinforcing the participation of both fungi in the etiology of this OM case. <i>R. similis</i> seemed to grow faster during the process, suggesting that <i>T. rubrum</i> benefits from biofilm development when in combination. Moreover, the biofilm of the <i>Rhinocladiella</i> isolate exhibited exacerbated production of the extracellular matrix, which was not observed with that of a <i>Rhinocladiella</i> reference strain, suggesting that the isolate had natural abilities that were possibly perfected during development in the nail of the patient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92eb35fbc3af49d1a4a27f214c3e14bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-92eb35fbc3af49d1a4a27f214c3e14bb2023-11-18T20:01:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-06-019769610.3390/jof9070696In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis CasePolyana de Souza Costa0Maria Eduarda Basso1Melyssa Negri2Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski3Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, BrazilMedical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, BrazilMedical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, BrazilMedical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, BrazilInfections caused by biofilm-forming agents have important implications for world health. Mixed infections, caused by more than one etiological agent, are also an emerging problem, especially regarding the standardization of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Cases of mixed onychomycosis (OM) have been reported; however, studies on the microbial interactions between the different fungi in biofilms formed on nails are still scarce. We describe a case of mixed OM caused by the dermatophyte <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and the black yeast-like fungus <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i>. Identical growths of both fungi were observed in more than 50 cultures from different nail samples. Additionally, both species were able to form organized single and mixed biofilms, reinforcing the participation of both fungi in the etiology of this OM case. <i>R. similis</i> seemed to grow faster during the process, suggesting that <i>T. rubrum</i> benefits from biofilm development when in combination. Moreover, the biofilm of the <i>Rhinocladiella</i> isolate exhibited exacerbated production of the extracellular matrix, which was not observed with that of a <i>Rhinocladiella</i> reference strain, suggesting that the isolate had natural abilities that were possibly perfected during development in the nail of the patient.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/696mixed fungal biofilmblack yeast-likedermatophyte |
| spellingShingle | Polyana de Souza Costa Maria Eduarda Basso Melyssa Negri Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case Journal of Fungi mixed fungal biofilm black yeast-like dermatophyte |
| title | In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case |
| title_full | In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case |
| title_short | In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Rhinocladiella similis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> Isolated from a Mixed Onychomycosis Case |
| title_sort | in vitro and ex vivo biofilm forming ability of i rhinocladiella similis i and i trichophyton rubrum i isolated from a mixed onychomycosis case |
| topic | mixed fungal biofilm black yeast-like dermatophyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/7/696 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT polyanadesouzacosta invitroandexvivobiofilmformingabilityofirhinocladiellasimilisianditrichophytonrubrumiisolatedfromamixedonychomycosiscase AT mariaeduardabasso invitroandexvivobiofilmformingabilityofirhinocladiellasimilisianditrichophytonrubrumiisolatedfromamixedonychomycosiscase AT melyssanegri invitroandexvivobiofilmformingabilityofirhinocladiellasimilisianditrichophytonrubrumiisolatedfromamixedonychomycosiscase AT terezinhainezestivaletsvidzinski invitroandexvivobiofilmformingabilityofirhinocladiellasimilisianditrichophytonrubrumiisolatedfromamixedonychomycosiscase |