Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa
Fonio is an ancient orphan cereal, cultivated by resource-poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa, who conserved and used the cereal for nutrition and income generation. However, the extent and patterns of phenotypic variation within the fonio germplasm remain scarcely evaluated to...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1653 |
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| author | Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima Enoch G. Achigan-Dako Mamadou Aissata Emmanuel Sekloka Claire Billot Charlotte O. A. Adje Adeline Barnaud Yacoubou Bakasso |
| author_facet | Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima Enoch G. Achigan-Dako Mamadou Aissata Emmanuel Sekloka Claire Billot Charlotte O. A. Adje Adeline Barnaud Yacoubou Bakasso |
| author_sort | Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fonio is an ancient orphan cereal, cultivated by resource-poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa, who conserved and used the cereal for nutrition and income generation. However, the extent and patterns of phenotypic variation within the fonio germplasm remain scarcely evaluated to inform breeding decisions. In this study, we used alpha lattice design to assess the phenotypic variability of 180 fonio accessions using 20 agro morphological descriptors, including both qualitative and quantitative traits at Bengou research station in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics, combined analysis and multivariate analyses, including principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were performed. As results, we found significant differences among fonio accessions and among agro ecological zones of provenance for most of the quantitative traits. Furthermore, highly significant positive correlations were found between grain yield and other yield-related attributes such as harvest index and thousand seeds weight, whereas significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and flowering and maturity times. Clusters analysis revealed three phenotypic groups. Group 1 was characterized by early maturing fonio accessions with higher grain yield. Groups 2 and 3 were characterized by late maturing accessions with intermediate to moderate grain yield. The accessions from Group 1 are candidate for yield improvement and development of fonio lines with enhanced lodging resistance. Accessions from Group 2 and 3 can be improved for yield through marker-assisted selection of best thousand seed weight. This study highlights how traits are correlated within the major phenotypic groups of fonio in West Africa, and we discussed how these groups could be further exploited for improving traits of economic importance. Furthermore, this study exhibited agro morphological descriptors that discriminate fonio accessions and provide useful information for parental selection with economically important agronomic traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:18:56Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:18:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-92eef5ae47b943e797e3fb620330720d2023-11-20T18:38:29ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-10-011011165310.3390/agronomy10111653Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West AfricaAbdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima0Enoch G. Achigan-Dako1Mamadou Aissata2Emmanuel Sekloka3Claire Billot4Charlotte O. A. Adje5Adeline Barnaud6Yacoubou Bakasso7Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Sciences (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 526, BeninLaboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Sciences (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 526, BeninDepartment of Rainfed Crop Production (DCP), National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger (INRAN), Niamey BP 429, NigerLaboratory of Phytotechny, Plant Breeding and Plant Protection (LaPAPP), Department of Sciences and Techniques of Vegetal Production (STPV), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou BP 123, BeninUnité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), F-34398 Montpellier, FranceLaboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Sciences (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 526, BeninDiversité, Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, FranceFaculty of Science and Techniques, University of Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey BP 10662, NigerFonio is an ancient orphan cereal, cultivated by resource-poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa, who conserved and used the cereal for nutrition and income generation. However, the extent and patterns of phenotypic variation within the fonio germplasm remain scarcely evaluated to inform breeding decisions. In this study, we used alpha lattice design to assess the phenotypic variability of 180 fonio accessions using 20 agro morphological descriptors, including both qualitative and quantitative traits at Bengou research station in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics, combined analysis and multivariate analyses, including principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were performed. As results, we found significant differences among fonio accessions and among agro ecological zones of provenance for most of the quantitative traits. Furthermore, highly significant positive correlations were found between grain yield and other yield-related attributes such as harvest index and thousand seeds weight, whereas significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and flowering and maturity times. Clusters analysis revealed three phenotypic groups. Group 1 was characterized by early maturing fonio accessions with higher grain yield. Groups 2 and 3 were characterized by late maturing accessions with intermediate to moderate grain yield. The accessions from Group 1 are candidate for yield improvement and development of fonio lines with enhanced lodging resistance. Accessions from Group 2 and 3 can be improved for yield through marker-assisted selection of best thousand seed weight. This study highlights how traits are correlated within the major phenotypic groups of fonio in West Africa, and we discussed how these groups could be further exploited for improving traits of economic importance. Furthermore, this study exhibited agro morphological descriptors that discriminate fonio accessions and provide useful information for parental selection with economically important agronomic traits.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1653foniofonio milletwhite fonio<i>Digitaria exilis</i>agro morphological descriptorsphenotypic diversity |
| spellingShingle | Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima Enoch G. Achigan-Dako Mamadou Aissata Emmanuel Sekloka Claire Billot Charlotte O. A. Adje Adeline Barnaud Yacoubou Bakasso Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa Agronomy fonio fonio millet white fonio <i>Digitaria exilis</i> agro morphological descriptors phenotypic diversity |
| title | Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa |
| title_full | Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa |
| title_fullStr | Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa |
| title_short | Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa |
| title_sort | agromorphological characterization revealed three phenotypic groups in a region wide germplasm of fonio i digitaria exilis i kippist stapf from west africa |
| topic | fonio fonio millet white fonio <i>Digitaria exilis</i> agro morphological descriptors phenotypic diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1653 |
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