Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution
The mammalian neocortex is a remarkable structure that is characterized by tangential surface expansion and six-layered lamination. However, how the mammalian neocortex emerged during evolution remains elusive. Because all modern reptiles have a homolog of the neocortex at the dorsal pallium, develo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00045/full |
| _version_ | 1819086930363547648 |
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| author | Tadashi eNomura Tadashi eNomura Wataru eYamashita Hitoshi eGotoh Katsuhiko eOno |
| author_facet | Tadashi eNomura Tadashi eNomura Wataru eYamashita Hitoshi eGotoh Katsuhiko eOno |
| author_sort | Tadashi eNomura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mammalian neocortex is a remarkable structure that is characterized by tangential surface expansion and six-layered lamination. However, how the mammalian neocortex emerged during evolution remains elusive. Because all modern reptiles have a homolog of the neocortex at the dorsal pallium, developmental analyses of the reptilian cortex are valuable to explore the origin of the neocortex. However, reptilian cortical development and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, mainly due to technical difficulties with sample collection and embryonic manipulation. Here, we introduce a method of embryonic manipulations for the Madagascar ground gecko and Chinese softshell turtle. We established in ovo electroporation and an ex ovo culture system to address neural stem cell dynamics, neuronal differentiation and migration. Applications of these techniques illuminate the developmental mechanisms underlying reptilian corticogenesis, which provides significant insight into the evolutionary steps of different types of cortex and the origin of the mammalian neocortex. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:28:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92f6cb6d41db4fcf90be611a0d9a1e1a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:28:04Z |
| publishDate | 2015-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-92f6cb6d41db4fcf90be611a0d9a1e1a2022-12-21T18:49:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2015-02-01910.3389/fnins.2015.00045126371Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolutionTadashi eNomura0Tadashi eNomura1Wataru eYamashita2Hitoshi eGotoh3Katsuhiko eOno4Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineJSTGraduate School of Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineThe mammalian neocortex is a remarkable structure that is characterized by tangential surface expansion and six-layered lamination. However, how the mammalian neocortex emerged during evolution remains elusive. Because all modern reptiles have a homolog of the neocortex at the dorsal pallium, developmental analyses of the reptilian cortex are valuable to explore the origin of the neocortex. However, reptilian cortical development and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, mainly due to technical difficulties with sample collection and embryonic manipulation. Here, we introduce a method of embryonic manipulations for the Madagascar ground gecko and Chinese softshell turtle. We established in ovo electroporation and an ex ovo culture system to address neural stem cell dynamics, neuronal differentiation and migration. Applications of these techniques illuminate the developmental mechanisms underlying reptilian corticogenesis, which provides significant insight into the evolutionary steps of different types of cortex and the origin of the mammalian neocortex.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00045/fullReptilesevolutionCortexex vivo cultureamniotesin ovo electroporation |
| spellingShingle | Tadashi eNomura Tadashi eNomura Wataru eYamashita Hitoshi eGotoh Katsuhiko eOno Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution Frontiers in Neuroscience Reptiles evolution Cortex ex vivo culture amniotes in ovo electroporation |
| title | Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| title_full | Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| title_fullStr | Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| title_short | Genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| title_sort | genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution |
| topic | Reptiles evolution Cortex ex vivo culture amniotes in ovo electroporation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00045/full |
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