Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions
<p class="CorpsAA">Using existing research and original data, I discuss the development of a transatlantic drug market between Brazil and West Africa and its implications on Brazil’s development and drug trafficking value chain. After establishing milestones of the history of this tr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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LSE Press
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Illicit Economies and Development |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jied.lse.ac.uk/articles/27 |
| _version_ | 1797961720935743488 |
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| author | Corentin Cohen |
| author_facet | Corentin Cohen |
| author_sort | Corentin Cohen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p class="CorpsAA">Using existing research and original data, I discuss the development of a transatlantic drug market between Brazil and West Africa and its implications on Brazil’s development and drug trafficking value chain. After establishing milestones of the history of this traffic I show how a global market of protection and transatlantic networks emerged from the alliances between Latin American criminal actors and high level elites in West Africa. The second part of the article focuses on the high concentration of capital created by exportations of cocaine. I show how these global markets affect the actions of drug traffickers, namely their strategies and use of violence by analyzing the development of maritime trade and the centrality of ports in this economy. The last part of the article analyzes the market for drug mules in Sao Paulo and how the strategy networks adapt to balance their risks of failure with low cost Nigerians migrant mules. Finally, the articles shows how this market attracted cultists groups from Nigeria and connects Brazil with other illegal markets.</p><p class="CorpsAA"> </p><p class="CorpsAA"> </p><p>Por meio pesquisa original e análise da literatura, discuto neste artigo o desenvolvimento de um mercado transatlântico de drogas entre o Brasil e a África Ocidental, bem como suas implicações para a cadeia de valorização do tráfico e o desenvolvimento brasileiro. Depois de detalhar os principais momentos da história dessa rota do tráfico, demonstro o surgimento de um mercado global de proteção, em redes transatlânticas, a partir de alianças entre agentes criminais latino-americanos e grupos de elite da África Ocidental. A segunda parte do artigo foca na alta concentração de capital criada pelas exportações de cocaína. Analisando o desenvolvimento do comércio marítimo e a centralidade dos portos nessa economia, demonstro como esses mercados globais afetam as práticas e as estratégias dos atores do tráfico, bem como o seu uso da violência. A última parte do artigo analisa o mercado de ‘mulas’ [transportadores individuais] do tráfico em São Paulo, e as estratégias das redes para minimizar suas perdas contratando nigerianos de baixo custo. Finalmente, o artigo demonstra como esse mercado atraiu grupos cultistas da Nigéria e conectou o Brasil com outros mercados ilegais.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Publisher's Note:</strong></p><p>This article has been published in both Portuguese and English. To download the Portuguese version, click the "Download" link and select "PDF (PT)".</p><p> </p><p>Este artigo foi publicado tanto em Inglês, como em Português. Para baixar a versão em Português, clique "Download" e depois selecione "PDF (PT)".</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:02:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9300dec12a4a4d08943322eb890cd386 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2516-7227 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:02:10Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | LSE Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Illicit Economies and Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-9300dec12a4a4d08943322eb890cd3862023-01-04T15:01:01ZengLSE PressJournal of Illicit Economies and Development2516-72272019-06-011213414410.31389/jied.2715Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical QuestionsCorentin Cohen0Sciences Po, CERI<p class="CorpsAA">Using existing research and original data, I discuss the development of a transatlantic drug market between Brazil and West Africa and its implications on Brazil’s development and drug trafficking value chain. After establishing milestones of the history of this traffic I show how a global market of protection and transatlantic networks emerged from the alliances between Latin American criminal actors and high level elites in West Africa. The second part of the article focuses on the high concentration of capital created by exportations of cocaine. I show how these global markets affect the actions of drug traffickers, namely their strategies and use of violence by analyzing the development of maritime trade and the centrality of ports in this economy. The last part of the article analyzes the market for drug mules in Sao Paulo and how the strategy networks adapt to balance their risks of failure with low cost Nigerians migrant mules. Finally, the articles shows how this market attracted cultists groups from Nigeria and connects Brazil with other illegal markets.</p><p class="CorpsAA"> </p><p class="CorpsAA"> </p><p>Por meio pesquisa original e análise da literatura, discuto neste artigo o desenvolvimento de um mercado transatlântico de drogas entre o Brasil e a África Ocidental, bem como suas implicações para a cadeia de valorização do tráfico e o desenvolvimento brasileiro. Depois de detalhar os principais momentos da história dessa rota do tráfico, demonstro o surgimento de um mercado global de proteção, em redes transatlânticas, a partir de alianças entre agentes criminais latino-americanos e grupos de elite da África Ocidental. A segunda parte do artigo foca na alta concentração de capital criada pelas exportações de cocaína. Analisando o desenvolvimento do comércio marítimo e a centralidade dos portos nessa economia, demonstro como esses mercados globais afetam as práticas e as estratégias dos atores do tráfico, bem como o seu uso da violência. A última parte do artigo analisa o mercado de ‘mulas’ [transportadores individuais] do tráfico em São Paulo, e as estratégias das redes para minimizar suas perdas contratando nigerianos de baixo custo. Finalmente, o artigo demonstra como esse mercado atraiu grupos cultistas da Nigéria e conectou o Brasil com outros mercados ilegais.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Publisher's Note:</strong></p><p>This article has been published in both Portuguese and English. To download the Portuguese version, click the "Download" link and select "PDF (PT)".</p><p> </p><p>Este artigo foi publicado tanto em Inglês, como em Português. Para baixar a versão em Português, clique "Download" e depois selecione "PDF (PT)".</p>https://jied.lse.ac.uk/articles/27marketsdevelopmentprotectionpatronagedrug mulestransatlantic |
| spellingShingle | Corentin Cohen Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions Journal of Illicit Economies and Development markets development protection patronage drug mules transatlantic |
| title | Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions |
| title_full | Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions |
| title_fullStr | Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions |
| title_short | Development of the Brazilian Drug Market Toward Africa: Myths, Evidence and Theoretical Questions |
| title_sort | development of the brazilian drug market toward africa myths evidence and theoretical questions |
| topic | markets development protection patronage drug mules transatlantic |
| url | https://jied.lse.ac.uk/articles/27 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT corentincohen developmentofthebraziliandrugmarkettowardafricamythsevidenceandtheoreticalquestions |