Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications
In this paper, an analytical and accurate in-to-out (I2O) human body path loss (PL) model at 2.45 GHz is derived based on a 3D heterogeneous human body model under safety constraints. The bit error rate (BER) performance for this channel using multiple efficient modulation schemes is investigated an...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-07-01
|
| Series: | Electronics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/3/38 |
| _version_ | 1798025718227009536 |
|---|---|
| author | Yangzhe Liao Mark S. Leeson Matthew D. Higgins Chenyao Bai |
| author_facet | Yangzhe Liao Mark S. Leeson Matthew D. Higgins Chenyao Bai |
| author_sort | Yangzhe Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, an analytical and accurate in-to-out (I2O) human body path loss (PL) model at 2.45 GHz is derived based on a 3D heterogeneous human body model under safety constraints. The bit error rate (BER) performance for this channel using multiple efficient modulation schemes is investigated and the link budget is analyzed based on a predetermined satisfactory BER of 10−3. In addition, an incremental relay-based cooperative quality of service-aware (QoS-aware) routing protocol for the proposed I2O WBAN is presented and compared with an existing scheme. Linear programming QoS metric expressions are derived and employed to maximize the network lifetime, throughput, minimizing delay. Results show that binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) outperforms other modulation techniques for the proposed I2O WBAN systems, enabling the support of a 30 Mbps data transmission rate up to 1.6 m and affording more reliable communication links when the transmitter power is increased. Moreover, the proposed incremental cooperative routing protocol outperforms the existing two-relay technique in terms of energy efficiency. Open issues and on-going research within the I2O WBAN area are presented and discussed as an inspiration towards developments in health IoT applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:23:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93055474e47f418e9a0a0f30b553aa75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:23:21Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-93055474e47f418e9a0a0f30b553aa752022-12-22T04:09:43ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922016-07-01533810.3390/electronics5030038electronics5030038Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things ApplicationsYangzhe Liao0Mark S. Leeson1Matthew D. Higgins2Chenyao Bai3School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKWMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKIn this paper, an analytical and accurate in-to-out (I2O) human body path loss (PL) model at 2.45 GHz is derived based on a 3D heterogeneous human body model under safety constraints. The bit error rate (BER) performance for this channel using multiple efficient modulation schemes is investigated and the link budget is analyzed based on a predetermined satisfactory BER of 10−3. In addition, an incremental relay-based cooperative quality of service-aware (QoS-aware) routing protocol for the proposed I2O WBAN is presented and compared with an existing scheme. Linear programming QoS metric expressions are derived and employed to maximize the network lifetime, throughput, minimizing delay. Results show that binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) outperforms other modulation techniques for the proposed I2O WBAN systems, enabling the support of a 30 Mbps data transmission rate up to 1.6 m and affording more reliable communication links when the transmitter power is increased. Moreover, the proposed incremental cooperative routing protocol outperforms the existing two-relay technique in terms of energy efficiency. Open issues and on-going research within the I2O WBAN area are presented and discussed as an inspiration towards developments in health IoT applications.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/3/38health IoTin-to-out body channelWBANQoS-awareBERrouting protocol |
| spellingShingle | Yangzhe Liao Mark S. Leeson Matthew D. Higgins Chenyao Bai Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications Electronics health IoT in-to-out body channel WBAN QoS-aware BER routing protocol |
| title | Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications |
| title_full | Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications |
| title_short | Analysis of In-to-Out Wireless Body Area Network Systems: Towards QoS-Aware Health Internet of Things Applications |
| title_sort | analysis of in to out wireless body area network systems towards qos aware health internet of things applications |
| topic | health IoT in-to-out body channel WBAN QoS-aware BER routing protocol |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/3/38 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangzheliao analysisofintooutwirelessbodyareanetworksystemstowardsqosawarehealthinternetofthingsapplications AT marksleeson analysisofintooutwirelessbodyareanetworksystemstowardsqosawarehealthinternetofthingsapplications AT matthewdhiggins analysisofintooutwirelessbodyareanetworksystemstowardsqosawarehealthinternetofthingsapplications AT chenyaobai analysisofintooutwirelessbodyareanetworksystemstowardsqosawarehealthinternetofthingsapplications |