Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial
Background: Minors are considered the main consumer group of energy drinks (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of ED consumption on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and efficiency in healthy children and teenagers. Methods: This study was a randomized, single-blind, p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7209 |
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| author | Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer Pengzhu Li André Jakob Robert Dalla-Pozza Nikolaus Alexander Haas Guido Mandilaras |
| author_facet | Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer Pengzhu Li André Jakob Robert Dalla-Pozza Nikolaus Alexander Haas Guido Mandilaras |
| author_sort | Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Minors are considered the main consumer group of energy drinks (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of ED consumption on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and efficiency in healthy children and teenagers. Methods: This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants consumed a weight-adjusted amount of an ED or a placebo on two consecutive days. LV hemodynamics and efficiency parameters were evaluated non-invasively by generating LV pressure–volume loops (PVLs) through simultaneous echocardiography and blood pressure measurement. Results: A total of 24 children and teenagers (14.90 ± 2.27 years, 13 male) were included in the present study. Conventional echocardiographic parameters of LV function did not show significant differences between both beverage groups. The non-invasive generation of LV PVLs revealed a significantly lower cardiac efficiency 240 min after the ED consumption compared to the placebo intake (140.72 (133.21–149.73) mmHg vs. 135.60 (124.78–140.33) mmHg, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusions: Acute ED consumption is associated with a significantly lower cardiac efficiency in healthy minors. The generation of non-invasive LV PVLs might be beneficial in the assessment of subtle changes in LV efficiency. Further studies need to investigate the influence of chronic ED consumption on LV function and morphology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-930878e97bf6455f98d407bd5600c382 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-930878e97bf6455f98d407bd5600c3822023-11-23T21:45:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-09-012219720910.3390/s22197209Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized TrialFelix Sebastian Oberhoffer0Pengzhu Li1André Jakob2Robert Dalla-Pozza3Nikolaus Alexander Haas4Guido Mandilaras5Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyBackground: Minors are considered the main consumer group of energy drinks (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of ED consumption on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and efficiency in healthy children and teenagers. Methods: This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants consumed a weight-adjusted amount of an ED or a placebo on two consecutive days. LV hemodynamics and efficiency parameters were evaluated non-invasively by generating LV pressure–volume loops (PVLs) through simultaneous echocardiography and blood pressure measurement. Results: A total of 24 children and teenagers (14.90 ± 2.27 years, 13 male) were included in the present study. Conventional echocardiographic parameters of LV function did not show significant differences between both beverage groups. The non-invasive generation of LV PVLs revealed a significantly lower cardiac efficiency 240 min after the ED consumption compared to the placebo intake (140.72 (133.21–149.73) mmHg vs. 135.60 (124.78–140.33) mmHg, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusions: Acute ED consumption is associated with a significantly lower cardiac efficiency in healthy minors. The generation of non-invasive LV PVLs might be beneficial in the assessment of subtle changes in LV efficiency. Further studies need to investigate the influence of chronic ED consumption on LV function and morphology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7209energy drinkspediatricsechocardiographyleft ventricular functionleft ventricular dysfunctionrandomized trial |
| spellingShingle | Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer Pengzhu Li André Jakob Robert Dalla-Pozza Nikolaus Alexander Haas Guido Mandilaras Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial Sensors energy drinks pediatrics echocardiography left ventricular function left ventricular dysfunction randomized trial |
| title | Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial |
| title_full | Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial |
| title_fullStr | Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial |
| title_short | Energy Drinks Decrease Left Ventricular Efficiency in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial |
| title_sort | energy drinks decrease left ventricular efficiency in healthy children and teenagers a randomized trial |
| topic | energy drinks pediatrics echocardiography left ventricular function left ventricular dysfunction randomized trial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7209 |
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