Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea
Our senses define our view of the world. They allow us to adapt to environmental stimuli and are essential for communication and social behaviour. For most humans, seeing and hearing are central senses for their daily life. Our eyes and ears respond to an extraordinary broad range of stimuli coverin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/7/1097 |
| _version_ | 1797440002680946688 |
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| author | Lisa Klotz-Weigand Ralf Enz |
| author_facet | Lisa Klotz-Weigand Ralf Enz |
| author_sort | Lisa Klotz-Weigand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our senses define our view of the world. They allow us to adapt to environmental stimuli and are essential for communication and social behaviour. For most humans, seeing and hearing are central senses for their daily life. Our eyes and ears respond to an extraordinary broad range of stimuli covering about 12 log units of light intensity or acoustic power, respectively. The cellular basis is represented by sensory cells (photoreceptors in the retina and inner hair cells in the cochlea) that convert sensory inputs into electrical signals. Photoreceptors and inner hair cells have developed a specific pre-synaptic structure, termed synaptic ribbon, that is decorated with numerous vesicles filled with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. At these ribbon synapses, glutamatergic signal transduction is guided by distinct sets of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). MGluRs belong to group II and III of the receptor classification can inhibit neuronal activity, thus protecting neurons from overstimulation and subsequent degeneration. Consequently, dysfunction of mGluRs is associated with vision and hearing disorders. In this review, we introduce the principle characteristics of ribbon synapses and describe group II and III mGluRs in these fascinating structures in the retina and cochlea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:00:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-931be9854bc14ef1a99517ae7aa82ea7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:00:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-931be9854bc14ef1a99517ae7aa82ea72023-11-30T23:03:27ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-03-01117109710.3390/cells11071097Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and CochleaLisa Klotz-Weigand0Ralf Enz1Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyInstitut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyOur senses define our view of the world. They allow us to adapt to environmental stimuli and are essential for communication and social behaviour. For most humans, seeing and hearing are central senses for their daily life. Our eyes and ears respond to an extraordinary broad range of stimuli covering about 12 log units of light intensity or acoustic power, respectively. The cellular basis is represented by sensory cells (photoreceptors in the retina and inner hair cells in the cochlea) that convert sensory inputs into electrical signals. Photoreceptors and inner hair cells have developed a specific pre-synaptic structure, termed synaptic ribbon, that is decorated with numerous vesicles filled with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. At these ribbon synapses, glutamatergic signal transduction is guided by distinct sets of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). MGluRs belong to group II and III of the receptor classification can inhibit neuronal activity, thus protecting neurons from overstimulation and subsequent degeneration. Consequently, dysfunction of mGluRs is associated with vision and hearing disorders. In this review, we introduce the principle characteristics of ribbon synapses and describe group II and III mGluRs in these fascinating structures in the retina and cochlea.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/7/1097metabotropic glutamate receptorretinacochleaphotoreceptorbipolar cellinner hair cell |
| spellingShingle | Lisa Klotz-Weigand Ralf Enz Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea Cells metabotropic glutamate receptor retina cochlea photoreceptor bipolar cell inner hair cell |
| title | Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea |
| title_full | Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea |
| title_fullStr | Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea |
| title_short | Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and Cochlea |
| title_sort | metabotropic glutamate receptors at ribbon synapses in the retina and cochlea |
| topic | metabotropic glutamate receptor retina cochlea photoreceptor bipolar cell inner hair cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/7/1097 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lisaklotzweigand metabotropicglutamatereceptorsatribbonsynapsesintheretinaandcochlea AT ralfenz metabotropicglutamatereceptorsatribbonsynapsesintheretinaandcochlea |