Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process
Given that acid-rich rainfall can cause serious damage to heritage buildings in NW China and subsequently accelerate their aging problem, countermeasures to protect their integrity and also to preserve the continuity of Chinese culture are in pressing need. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EI...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.750258/full |
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| author | Wenle Hu Wen-Chieh Cheng Wen-Chieh Cheng Shaojie Wen Ke Yuan |
| author_facet | Wenle Hu Wen-Chieh Cheng Wen-Chieh Cheng Shaojie Wen Ke Yuan |
| author_sort | Wenle Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given that acid-rich rainfall can cause serious damage to heritage buildings in NW China and subsequently accelerate their aging problem, countermeasures to protect their integrity and also to preserve the continuity of Chinese culture are in pressing need. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) that modifies the mechanical properties of the soil through enhancing the interparticle bonds by the precipitated crystals and the formation of other carbonate minerals is under a spotlight in recent years. EICP is considered as an alternative to the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) because cultivating soil microbes are considered to be challenging in field applications. This study conducts a series of test tube experiments to reproduce the ordinary EICP process, and the produced carbonate precipitation is compared with that of the modified EICP process subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2, NH4Cl, and CaCl2 concentrations, respectively. The modified EICP, subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2 concentrations, performs the best with the highest carbonate precipitation. The enhancement mechanism of carbonate precipitation is well interpreted through elevating the activity of urease enzyme by introducing the magnesium ions. Furthermore, the degradation of carbonate precipitation presents when subjected to the effect of higher NH4Cl concentration. The decreasing activity of urease enzyme and the reverse EICP process play a leading role in degrading the carbonate precipitation. Moreover, when subjected to the effect of higher CaCl2 concentrations, the slower rate of urea hydrolysis and the decreasing activity of urease enzyme are primarily responsible for forming the “hijacking” phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. The findings of this study explore the potential use of the EICP technology for the protection of heritage buildings in NW China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:05:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93269e8255194c56ba049b94d50f01de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:05:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-93269e8255194c56ba049b94d50f01de2022-12-21T21:32:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852021-11-01910.3389/fbioe.2021.750258750258Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP ProcessWenle Hu0Wen-Chieh Cheng1Wen-Chieh Cheng2Shaojie Wen3Ke Yuan4School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, ChinaGiven that acid-rich rainfall can cause serious damage to heritage buildings in NW China and subsequently accelerate their aging problem, countermeasures to protect their integrity and also to preserve the continuity of Chinese culture are in pressing need. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) that modifies the mechanical properties of the soil through enhancing the interparticle bonds by the precipitated crystals and the formation of other carbonate minerals is under a spotlight in recent years. EICP is considered as an alternative to the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) because cultivating soil microbes are considered to be challenging in field applications. This study conducts a series of test tube experiments to reproduce the ordinary EICP process, and the produced carbonate precipitation is compared with that of the modified EICP process subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2, NH4Cl, and CaCl2 concentrations, respectively. The modified EICP, subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2 concentrations, performs the best with the highest carbonate precipitation. The enhancement mechanism of carbonate precipitation is well interpreted through elevating the activity of urease enzyme by introducing the magnesium ions. Furthermore, the degradation of carbonate precipitation presents when subjected to the effect of higher NH4Cl concentration. The decreasing activity of urease enzyme and the reverse EICP process play a leading role in degrading the carbonate precipitation. Moreover, when subjected to the effect of higher CaCl2 concentrations, the slower rate of urea hydrolysis and the decreasing activity of urease enzyme are primarily responsible for forming the “hijacking” phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. The findings of this study explore the potential use of the EICP technology for the protection of heritage buildings in NW China.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.750258/fullenzyme-induced carbonate precipitationhijacking mechanismmagnesium ionsammonium ionstest tube experiment |
| spellingShingle | Wenle Hu Wen-Chieh Cheng Wen-Chieh Cheng Shaojie Wen Ke Yuan Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation hijacking mechanism magnesium ions ammonium ions test tube experiment |
| title | Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process |
| title_full | Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process |
| title_fullStr | Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process |
| title_short | Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process |
| title_sort | revealing the enhancement and degradation mechanisms affecting the performance of carbonate precipitation in eicp process |
| topic | enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation hijacking mechanism magnesium ions ammonium ions test tube experiment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.750258/full |
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