Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone
This work presents a new protocol for monitoring rising damp, which is applied to three masonry models made of tuff, carparo, and Lecce stone. First, the physical characteristics of each stone were derived in the laboratory, which included porosity, imbibition, drying index, permeability, capillarit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/892 |
| _version_ | 1797488119599071232 |
|---|---|
| author | Paolo Maria Congedo Cristina Baglivo Giovanni Quarta Pasquale Di Gloria Delia D’Agostino |
| author_facet | Paolo Maria Congedo Cristina Baglivo Giovanni Quarta Pasquale Di Gloria Delia D’Agostino |
| author_sort | Paolo Maria Congedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a new protocol for monitoring rising damp, which is applied to three masonry models made of tuff, carparo, and Lecce stone. First, the physical characteristics of each stone were derived in the laboratory, which included porosity, imbibition, drying index, permeability, capillarity, and sorptivity. In this case, the protocol provided three columns, one for each material, consisting of five blocks. A layer of cotton tissue was interposed between columned blocks to simulate the hygroscopic behavior of a mortar, allowing a quick disassembly and reassembly of the multiblock columns for a quick weighing. The bottoms of the columns were immersed in water to a level of about three centimeters, providing a constant replenishment for the phenomena of evaporation and rising in the stone. The maximum height achieved by the rising damp depends on the characteristics of the building materials, i.e., the amount and size of pores, pore connectivity, etc. Since these materials have different physical characteristics, the objective was to quantify the rising moisture level of the three materials tested, block by block, in a controlled indoor microclimate environment. The three columns were periodically weighed, the quantity of collected water was evaluated, and a thermographic survey was performed. The results show that at the end of the test, the highest level of rising damp is reached by tuff with a height of 43 cm, followed by Lecce stone and carparo with a height of 40 cm and 21 cm, respectively. The innovation of this study is the proposal of a new flexible and easy-to-apply method for monitoring this phenomenon. It gives clear and numerically comparable results. Moreover, it is applicable to any type of stone, allowing the user to evaluate both the existing state and different design solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:58:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-932daba020fc45ec941496e42ec904b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:58:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-932daba020fc45ec941496e42ec904b52023-11-23T16:21:36ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-01-0115389210.3390/en15030892Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce StonePaolo Maria Congedo0Cristina Baglivo1Giovanni Quarta2Pasquale Di Gloria3Delia D’Agostino4Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyISPC-CNR (The Institute of Heritage Science), 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, ItalyThis work presents a new protocol for monitoring rising damp, which is applied to three masonry models made of tuff, carparo, and Lecce stone. First, the physical characteristics of each stone were derived in the laboratory, which included porosity, imbibition, drying index, permeability, capillarity, and sorptivity. In this case, the protocol provided three columns, one for each material, consisting of five blocks. A layer of cotton tissue was interposed between columned blocks to simulate the hygroscopic behavior of a mortar, allowing a quick disassembly and reassembly of the multiblock columns for a quick weighing. The bottoms of the columns were immersed in water to a level of about three centimeters, providing a constant replenishment for the phenomena of evaporation and rising in the stone. The maximum height achieved by the rising damp depends on the characteristics of the building materials, i.e., the amount and size of pores, pore connectivity, etc. Since these materials have different physical characteristics, the objective was to quantify the rising moisture level of the three materials tested, block by block, in a controlled indoor microclimate environment. The three columns were periodically weighed, the quantity of collected water was evaluated, and a thermographic survey was performed. The results show that at the end of the test, the highest level of rising damp is reached by tuff with a height of 43 cm, followed by Lecce stone and carparo with a height of 40 cm and 21 cm, respectively. The innovation of this study is the proposal of a new flexible and easy-to-apply method for monitoring this phenomenon. It gives clear and numerically comparable results. Moreover, it is applicable to any type of stone, allowing the user to evaluate both the existing state and different design solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/892rising dampbuilding stonesthermographymoisturecarparotuff |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Maria Congedo Cristina Baglivo Giovanni Quarta Pasquale Di Gloria Delia D’Agostino Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone Energies rising damp building stones thermography moisture carparo tuff |
| title | Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone |
| title_full | Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone |
| title_fullStr | Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone |
| title_short | Definition of a Protocol for the Experimental Monitoring of Rising Damp in Three Different Masonry Models with Tuff, Carparo, and Lecce Stone |
| title_sort | definition of a protocol for the experimental monitoring of rising damp in three different masonry models with tuff carparo and lecce stone |
| topic | rising damp building stones thermography moisture carparo tuff |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/892 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paolomariacongedo definitionofaprotocolfortheexperimentalmonitoringofrisingdampinthreedifferentmasonrymodelswithtuffcarparoandleccestone AT cristinabaglivo definitionofaprotocolfortheexperimentalmonitoringofrisingdampinthreedifferentmasonrymodelswithtuffcarparoandleccestone AT giovanniquarta definitionofaprotocolfortheexperimentalmonitoringofrisingdampinthreedifferentmasonrymodelswithtuffcarparoandleccestone AT pasqualedigloria definitionofaprotocolfortheexperimentalmonitoringofrisingdampinthreedifferentmasonrymodelswithtuffcarparoandleccestone AT deliadagostino definitionofaprotocolfortheexperimentalmonitoringofrisingdampinthreedifferentmasonrymodelswithtuffcarparoandleccestone |