Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions
The mushroom market has seen accelerated growth in today’s world. Despite advances in technology, harvesting is a more artisanal procedure. Countries such as Portugal and Brazil are not self-sufficient in mushroom production. Among the difficulties in the production of mushrooms is the question of a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6129 |
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| author | Alexandre F. Santos Pedro D. Gaspar Heraldo J. L. de Souza |
| author_facet | Alexandre F. Santos Pedro D. Gaspar Heraldo J. L. de Souza |
| author_sort | Alexandre F. Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mushroom market has seen accelerated growth in today’s world. Despite advances in technology, harvesting is a more artisanal procedure. Countries such as Portugal and Brazil are not self-sufficient in mushroom production. Among the difficulties in the production of mushrooms is the question of acclimatization using temperature and relative humidity control. An experimental study was conducted. Energy analyzers were placed in the lighting, acclimatization, and water pumping system to produce 2200 kg of mushrooms in an acclimatized shed with an area of 100 m<sup>2</sup>. Energy consumptions of 48 kWh for lighting, 1575 kWh for air conditioning, and 9 kWh for pumping water were determined. A TEWI index of 0.7515 kWh/kg of Paris-type mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) was found. With equipment using R-454 B as a refrigerant, the estimated TEWI using the proposed HVAC equipment model was 0.537 kWh/kg, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were reduced from 18,219 to 5324.81, a reduction of 70%. Thus, the proposed HVAC equipment model can potentially decrease greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in mushroom production, making a step towards achieving sustainability and mitigating climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:58:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-932ff93db7a14119a464007332453cfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:58:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-932ff93db7a14119a464007332453cfa2023-11-18T00:21:01ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011310612910.3390/app13106129Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> EmissionsAlexandre F. Santos0Pedro D. Gaspar1Heraldo J. L. de Souza2Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalFAPRO––Faculdade Profissional, Curitiba 80230-040, BrazilThe mushroom market has seen accelerated growth in today’s world. Despite advances in technology, harvesting is a more artisanal procedure. Countries such as Portugal and Brazil are not self-sufficient in mushroom production. Among the difficulties in the production of mushrooms is the question of acclimatization using temperature and relative humidity control. An experimental study was conducted. Energy analyzers were placed in the lighting, acclimatization, and water pumping system to produce 2200 kg of mushrooms in an acclimatized shed with an area of 100 m<sup>2</sup>. Energy consumptions of 48 kWh for lighting, 1575 kWh for air conditioning, and 9 kWh for pumping water were determined. A TEWI index of 0.7515 kWh/kg of Paris-type mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) was found. With equipment using R-454 B as a refrigerant, the estimated TEWI using the proposed HVAC equipment model was 0.537 kWh/kg, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were reduced from 18,219 to 5324.81, a reduction of 70%. Thus, the proposed HVAC equipment model can potentially decrease greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in mushroom production, making a step towards achieving sustainability and mitigating climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6129TEWIdirect and indirect emissionsrefrigerant gasmushroom air conditioningsustainability in agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre F. Santos Pedro D. Gaspar Heraldo J. L. de Souza Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Applied Sciences TEWI direct and indirect emissions refrigerant gas mushroom air conditioning sustainability in agriculture |
| title | Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions |
| title_full | Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions |
| title_fullStr | Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions |
| title_short | Eco-Efficiency in Mushroom Production: A Study on HVAC Equipment to Reduce Energy Consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions |
| title_sort | eco efficiency in mushroom production a study on hvac equipment to reduce energy consumption and co sub 2 sub emissions |
| topic | TEWI direct and indirect emissions refrigerant gas mushroom air conditioning sustainability in agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6129 |
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