Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration
The billions of cardiomyocytes lost to acute myocardial infarction (MI) cannot be replaced by the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammalian hearts, and despite decades of research, there are still no clinically effective therapies for remuscularizing and restoring damaged myocardial tissue. A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.599928/full |
| _version_ | 1818620608207912960 |
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| author | Wangping Chen Wangping Chen Weihua Bian Yang Zhou Jianyi Zhang |
| author_facet | Wangping Chen Wangping Chen Weihua Bian Yang Zhou Jianyi Zhang |
| author_sort | Wangping Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The billions of cardiomyocytes lost to acute myocardial infarction (MI) cannot be replaced by the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammalian hearts, and despite decades of research, there are still no clinically effective therapies for remuscularizing and restoring damaged myocardial tissue. Although the majority of the cardiac mass is composed of cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are one type of most numerous cells in the heart and the primary drivers of fibrosis, which prevents ventricular rupture immediately after MI but the fibrotic scar expansion and LV dilatation can eventually lead to heart failure. However, embryonic CFs produce cytokines that can activate proliferation in cultured cardiomyocytes, and the structural proteins produced by CFs may regulate cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity by modulating the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CFs can also be used to generate induced-pluripotent stem cells and induced cardiac progenitor cells, both of which can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, but cardiomyocytes appear to be more readily differentiated from iPSCs that have been reprogrammed from CFs than from other cell types. Furthermore, the results from recent studies suggest that cultured CFs, as well as the CFs present in infarcted hearts, can be reprogrammed directly into cardiomyocytes. This finding is very exciting as should we be able to successfully increase the efficiency of this reprogramming, we could remuscularize the injured ventricle and restore the LV function without need the transplantation of cells or cell products. This review summarizes the role of CFs in the innate response to MI and how their phenotypic plasticity and involvement in ECM production might be manipulated to improve cardiac performance in injured hearts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:56:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-933329c184c24e2295d8a5d6687ee14e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:56:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-933329c184c24e2295d8a5d6687ee14e2022-12-21T22:22:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852021-03-01910.3389/fbioe.2021.599928599928Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial RegenerationWangping Chen0Wangping Chen1Weihua Bian2Yang Zhou3Jianyi Zhang4Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United StatesDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United StatesThe billions of cardiomyocytes lost to acute myocardial infarction (MI) cannot be replaced by the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammalian hearts, and despite decades of research, there are still no clinically effective therapies for remuscularizing and restoring damaged myocardial tissue. Although the majority of the cardiac mass is composed of cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are one type of most numerous cells in the heart and the primary drivers of fibrosis, which prevents ventricular rupture immediately after MI but the fibrotic scar expansion and LV dilatation can eventually lead to heart failure. However, embryonic CFs produce cytokines that can activate proliferation in cultured cardiomyocytes, and the structural proteins produced by CFs may regulate cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity by modulating the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CFs can also be used to generate induced-pluripotent stem cells and induced cardiac progenitor cells, both of which can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, but cardiomyocytes appear to be more readily differentiated from iPSCs that have been reprogrammed from CFs than from other cell types. Furthermore, the results from recent studies suggest that cultured CFs, as well as the CFs present in infarcted hearts, can be reprogrammed directly into cardiomyocytes. This finding is very exciting as should we be able to successfully increase the efficiency of this reprogramming, we could remuscularize the injured ventricle and restore the LV function without need the transplantation of cells or cell products. This review summarizes the role of CFs in the innate response to MI and how their phenotypic plasticity and involvement in ECM production might be manipulated to improve cardiac performance in injured hearts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.599928/fullcardiac fibroblastmyocardial infarctionextracellular matrixstem cellsreprogramming |
| spellingShingle | Wangping Chen Wangping Chen Weihua Bian Yang Zhou Jianyi Zhang Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology cardiac fibroblast myocardial infarction extracellular matrix stem cells reprogramming |
| title | Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration |
| title_full | Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration |
| title_short | Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration |
| title_sort | cardiac fibroblasts and myocardial regeneration |
| topic | cardiac fibroblast myocardial infarction extracellular matrix stem cells reprogramming |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.599928/full |
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