A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development
BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak, an event of global concern, has provided scientists the opportunity to use mathematical modeling to run simulations and test theories about the pandemic. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to propose a full-scale individual-based m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2021-09-01
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| Series: | JMIRx Med |
| Online Access: | https://med.jmirx.org/2021/3/e24630 |
| _version_ | 1797327493399576576 |
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| author | Giuseppe Giacopelli |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Giacopelli |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Giacopelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak, an event of global concern, has provided scientists the opportunity to use mathematical modeling to run simulations and test theories about the pandemic.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to propose a full-scale individual-based model of the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy, to test various scenarios pertaining to the pandemic and achieve novel performance metrics.
MethodsThe model was designed to simulate all 10 million inhabitants of Lombardy person by person via a simple agent-based approach using a commercial computer. In order to obtain performance data, a collision detection model was developed to enable cluster nodes in small cells that can be processed fully in parallel. Within this collision detection model, an epidemic model based mostly on experimental findings about COVID-19 was developed.
ResultsThe model was used to explain the behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy. Different parameters were used to simulate various scenarios relating to social distancing and lockdown. According to the model, these simple actions were enough to control the virus. The model also explained the decline in cases in the spring and simulated a hypothetical vaccination scenario, confirming, for example, the herd immunity threshold computed in previous works.
ConclusionsThe model made it possible to test the impact of people’s daily actions (eg, maintaining social distance) on the epidemic and to investigate interactions among agents within a social network. It also provided insight on the impact of a hypothetical vaccine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:38:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93399e9fde174911855ad27285caec7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2563-6316 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:38:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIRx Med |
| spelling | doaj.art-93399e9fde174911855ad27285caec7b2024-02-03T09:28:03ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIRx Med2563-63162021-09-0123e2463010.2196/24630A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model DevelopmentGiuseppe Giacopellihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-8811 BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak, an event of global concern, has provided scientists the opportunity to use mathematical modeling to run simulations and test theories about the pandemic. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to propose a full-scale individual-based model of the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy, to test various scenarios pertaining to the pandemic and achieve novel performance metrics. MethodsThe model was designed to simulate all 10 million inhabitants of Lombardy person by person via a simple agent-based approach using a commercial computer. In order to obtain performance data, a collision detection model was developed to enable cluster nodes in small cells that can be processed fully in parallel. Within this collision detection model, an epidemic model based mostly on experimental findings about COVID-19 was developed. ResultsThe model was used to explain the behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy. Different parameters were used to simulate various scenarios relating to social distancing and lockdown. According to the model, these simple actions were enough to control the virus. The model also explained the decline in cases in the spring and simulated a hypothetical vaccination scenario, confirming, for example, the herd immunity threshold computed in previous works. ConclusionsThe model made it possible to test the impact of people’s daily actions (eg, maintaining social distance) on the epidemic and to investigate interactions among agents within a social network. It also provided insight on the impact of a hypothetical vaccine.https://med.jmirx.org/2021/3/e24630 |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Giacopelli A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development JMIRx Med |
| title | A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development |
| title_full | A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development |
| title_fullStr | A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development |
| title_short | A Full-Scale Agent-Based Model to Hypothetically Explore the Impact of Lockdown, Social Distancing, and Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy: Model Development |
| title_sort | full scale agent based model to hypothetically explore the impact of lockdown social distancing and vaccination during the covid 19 pandemic in lombardy italy model development |
| url | https://med.jmirx.org/2021/3/e24630 |
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