Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes
Characterization of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene has shown that specific alleles associate with susceptibility or resilience to the progression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), measured by proviral load (PVL). Through surveillance of multi-farm BLV eradication field trials, we observ...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/104 |
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| author | Chaelynne E. Lohr Kelly R. B. Sporer Kelsey A. Brigham Laura A. Pavliscak Matelyn M. Mason Andrew Borgman Vickie J. Ruggiero Tasia M. Taxis Paul C. Bartlett Casey J. Droscha |
| author_facet | Chaelynne E. Lohr Kelly R. B. Sporer Kelsey A. Brigham Laura A. Pavliscak Matelyn M. Mason Andrew Borgman Vickie J. Ruggiero Tasia M. Taxis Paul C. Bartlett Casey J. Droscha |
| author_sort | Chaelynne E. Lohr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Characterization of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene has shown that specific alleles associate with susceptibility or resilience to the progression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), measured by proviral load (PVL). Through surveillance of multi-farm BLV eradication field trials, we observed differential phenotypes within seropositive cows that persist from months to years. We sought to develop a multiplex next-generation sequencing workflow (NGS-SBT) capable of genotyping 384 samples per run to assess the relationship between BLV phenotype and two BoLA genes. We utilized longitudinal results from milk ELISA screening and subsequent blood collections on seropositive cows for PVL determination using a novel BLV proviral load multiplex qPCR assay to phenotype the cows. Repeated diagnostic observations defined two distinct phenotypes in our study population, ELISA-positive cows that do not harbor detectable levels of provirus and those who do have persistent proviral loads. In total, 565 cows from nine Midwest dairy farms were selected for NGS-SBT, with 558 cows: 168 BLV susceptible (ELISA-positive/PVL-positive) and 390 BLV resilient (ELISA-positive/PVL-negative) successfully genotyped. Three BoLA-DRB3 alleles, including one novel allele, were shown to associate with disease resilience, <i>*009:02</i>, <i>*044:01</i>, and <i>*048:02</i> were found at rates of 97.5%, 86.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, within the phenotypically resilient population. Alternatively, <i>DRB3*015:01</i> and <i>*027:03</i>, both known to associate with disease progression, were found at rates of 81.1% and 92.3%, respectively, within the susceptible population. This study helps solidify the immunogenetic relationship between BoLA-DRB3 alleles and BLV infection status of these two phenotypic groupings of US dairy cattle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:16Z |
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| id | doaj.art-933d472ec6584a87bf1f46d21eba8a18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-933d472ec6584a87bf1f46d21eba8a182023-11-23T15:00:26ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-01-0111110410.3390/pathogens11010104Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II GenesChaelynne E. Lohr0Kelly R. B. Sporer1Kelsey A. Brigham2Laura A. Pavliscak3Matelyn M. Mason4Andrew Borgman5Vickie J. Ruggiero6Tasia M. Taxis7Paul C. Bartlett8Casey J. Droscha9CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USABorgman Consulting Group LLC, Alma, MI 48801, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Animal Science, College of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USACharacterization of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene has shown that specific alleles associate with susceptibility or resilience to the progression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), measured by proviral load (PVL). Through surveillance of multi-farm BLV eradication field trials, we observed differential phenotypes within seropositive cows that persist from months to years. We sought to develop a multiplex next-generation sequencing workflow (NGS-SBT) capable of genotyping 384 samples per run to assess the relationship between BLV phenotype and two BoLA genes. We utilized longitudinal results from milk ELISA screening and subsequent blood collections on seropositive cows for PVL determination using a novel BLV proviral load multiplex qPCR assay to phenotype the cows. Repeated diagnostic observations defined two distinct phenotypes in our study population, ELISA-positive cows that do not harbor detectable levels of provirus and those who do have persistent proviral loads. In total, 565 cows from nine Midwest dairy farms were selected for NGS-SBT, with 558 cows: 168 BLV susceptible (ELISA-positive/PVL-positive) and 390 BLV resilient (ELISA-positive/PVL-negative) successfully genotyped. Three BoLA-DRB3 alleles, including one novel allele, were shown to associate with disease resilience, <i>*009:02</i>, <i>*044:01</i>, and <i>*048:02</i> were found at rates of 97.5%, 86.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, within the phenotypically resilient population. Alternatively, <i>DRB3*015:01</i> and <i>*027:03</i>, both known to associate with disease progression, were found at rates of 81.1% and 92.3%, respectively, within the susceptible population. This study helps solidify the immunogenetic relationship between BoLA-DRB3 alleles and BLV infection status of these two phenotypic groupings of US dairy cattle.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/104bovine leukemia virusELISAproviral loadBoLAMHC Class IIsequence-based typing |
| spellingShingle | Chaelynne E. Lohr Kelly R. B. Sporer Kelsey A. Brigham Laura A. Pavliscak Matelyn M. Mason Andrew Borgman Vickie J. Ruggiero Tasia M. Taxis Paul C. Bartlett Casey J. Droscha Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes Pathogens bovine leukemia virus ELISA proviral load BoLA MHC Class II sequence-based typing |
| title | Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes |
| title_full | Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes |
| title_short | Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes |
| title_sort | phenotypic selection of dairy cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus demonstrates immunogenetic resilience through ngs based genotyping of bola mhc class ii genes |
| topic | bovine leukemia virus ELISA proviral load BoLA MHC Class II sequence-based typing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/104 |
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