| Summary: | Background: To date, nearly 300 genetic markers were linked to endurance and power/strength traits. The current study aimed to compare genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the common polymorphisms: <i>MCT1</i> rs1049434, <i>NRF2</i> rs12594956, <i>MYBPC3</i> rs1052373 and <i>HFE</i> rs1799945 in Polish elite athletes versus nonathletes. Methods: The study involved 101 male elite Polish athletes and 41 healthy individuals from the Polish population as a control group. SNP data were extracted from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) performed using the following parameters: paired reads of 150 bps, at least 90 Gb of data per sample with 300 M reads and 30× mean coverage. Results: All the analyzed polymorphisms conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in athletes and the control group, except the <i>MCT1</i> rs1049434, where allele T was over-represented in the elite trainers’ group. No significant between-group differences were found for analyzed polymorphisms. Conclusions: The <i>MCT1</i> rs1049434 transmission distortion might be characteristic of Polish athletes and the effect of strict inclusion criteria. This result and the lack of statistically significant changes in the frequency of other polymorphisms between the groups might result from the small group size.
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