Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean.
Climate change and climate variability are affecting marine mammal species and these impacts are projected to continue in the coming decades. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species using currently available information. We conducted...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290643 |
| _version_ | 1827807262520901632 |
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| author | Matthew D Lettrich Michael J Asaro Diane L Borggaard Dorothy M Dick Roger B Griffis Jenny A Litz Christopher D Orphanides Debra L Palka Melissa S Soldevilla Brian Balmer Samuel Chavez Danielle Cholewiak Diane Claridge Ruth Y Ewing Kristi L Fazioli Dagmar Fertl Erin M Fougeres Damon Gannon Lance Garrison James Gilbert Annie Gorgone Aleta Hohn Stacey Horstman Beth Josephson Robert D Kenney Jeremy J Kiszka Katherine Maze-Foley Wayne McFee Keith D Mullin Kimberly Murray Daniel E Pendleton Jooke Robbins Jason J Roberts Grisel Rodriguez-Ferrer Errol I Ronje Patricia E Rosel Todd Speakman Joy E Stanistreet Tara Stevens Megan Stolen Reny Tyson Moore Nicole L Vollmer Randall Wells Heidi R Whitehead Amy Whitt |
| author_facet | Matthew D Lettrich Michael J Asaro Diane L Borggaard Dorothy M Dick Roger B Griffis Jenny A Litz Christopher D Orphanides Debra L Palka Melissa S Soldevilla Brian Balmer Samuel Chavez Danielle Cholewiak Diane Claridge Ruth Y Ewing Kristi L Fazioli Dagmar Fertl Erin M Fougeres Damon Gannon Lance Garrison James Gilbert Annie Gorgone Aleta Hohn Stacey Horstman Beth Josephson Robert D Kenney Jeremy J Kiszka Katherine Maze-Foley Wayne McFee Keith D Mullin Kimberly Murray Daniel E Pendleton Jooke Robbins Jason J Roberts Grisel Rodriguez-Ferrer Errol I Ronje Patricia E Rosel Todd Speakman Joy E Stanistreet Tara Stevens Megan Stolen Reny Tyson Moore Nicole L Vollmer Randall Wells Heidi R Whitehead Amy Whitt |
| author_sort | Matthew D Lettrich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change and climate variability are affecting marine mammal species and these impacts are projected to continue in the coming decades. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species using currently available information. We conducted a trait-based climate vulnerability assessment using expert elicitation for 108 marine mammal stocks and stock groups in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Our approach combined the exposure (projected change in environmental conditions) and sensitivity (ability to tolerate and adapt to changing conditions) of marine mammal stocks to estimate vulnerability to climate change, and categorize stocks with a vulnerability index. The climate vulnerability score was very high for 44% (n = 47) of these stocks, high for 29% (n = 31), moderate for 20% (n = 22), and low for 7% (n = 8). The majority of stocks (n = 78; 72%) scored very high exposure, whereas 24% (n = 26) scored high, and 4% (n = 4) scored moderate. The sensitivity score was very high for 33% (n = 36) of these stocks, high for 18% (n = 19), moderate for 34% (n = 37), and low for 15% (n = 16). Vulnerability results were summarized for stocks in five taxonomic groups: pinnipeds (n = 4; 25% high, 75% moderate), mysticetes (n = 7; 29% very high, 57% high, 14% moderate), ziphiids (n = 8; 13% very high, 50% high, 38% moderate), delphinids (n = 84; 52% very high, 23% high, 15% moderate, 10% low), and other odontocetes (n = 5; 60% high, 40% moderate). Factors including temperature, ocean pH, and dissolved oxygen were the primary drivers of high climate exposure, with effects mediated through prey and habitat parameters. We quantified sources of uncertainty by bootstrapping vulnerability scores, conducting leave-one-out analyses of individual attributes and individual scorers, and through scoring data quality for each attribute. These results provide information for researchers, managers, and the public on marine mammal responses to climate change to enhance the development of more effective marine mammal management, restoration, and conservation activities that address current and future environmental variation and biological responses due to climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:53:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9340d2451ab241b2a69a5971e91e50b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:53:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-9340d2451ab241b2a69a5971e91e50b82023-09-26T05:31:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-01189e029064310.1371/journal.pone.0290643Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean.Matthew D LettrichMichael J AsaroDiane L BorggaardDorothy M DickRoger B GriffisJenny A LitzChristopher D OrphanidesDebra L PalkaMelissa S SoldevillaBrian BalmerSamuel ChavezDanielle CholewiakDiane ClaridgeRuth Y EwingKristi L FazioliDagmar FertlErin M FougeresDamon GannonLance GarrisonJames GilbertAnnie GorgoneAleta HohnStacey HorstmanBeth JosephsonRobert D KenneyJeremy J KiszkaKatherine Maze-FoleyWayne McFeeKeith D MullinKimberly MurrayDaniel E PendletonJooke RobbinsJason J RobertsGrisel Rodriguez-FerrerErrol I RonjePatricia E RoselTodd SpeakmanJoy E StanistreetTara StevensMegan StolenReny Tyson MooreNicole L VollmerRandall WellsHeidi R WhiteheadAmy WhittClimate change and climate variability are affecting marine mammal species and these impacts are projected to continue in the coming decades. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species using currently available information. We conducted a trait-based climate vulnerability assessment using expert elicitation for 108 marine mammal stocks and stock groups in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Our approach combined the exposure (projected change in environmental conditions) and sensitivity (ability to tolerate and adapt to changing conditions) of marine mammal stocks to estimate vulnerability to climate change, and categorize stocks with a vulnerability index. The climate vulnerability score was very high for 44% (n = 47) of these stocks, high for 29% (n = 31), moderate for 20% (n = 22), and low for 7% (n = 8). The majority of stocks (n = 78; 72%) scored very high exposure, whereas 24% (n = 26) scored high, and 4% (n = 4) scored moderate. The sensitivity score was very high for 33% (n = 36) of these stocks, high for 18% (n = 19), moderate for 34% (n = 37), and low for 15% (n = 16). Vulnerability results were summarized for stocks in five taxonomic groups: pinnipeds (n = 4; 25% high, 75% moderate), mysticetes (n = 7; 29% very high, 57% high, 14% moderate), ziphiids (n = 8; 13% very high, 50% high, 38% moderate), delphinids (n = 84; 52% very high, 23% high, 15% moderate, 10% low), and other odontocetes (n = 5; 60% high, 40% moderate). Factors including temperature, ocean pH, and dissolved oxygen were the primary drivers of high climate exposure, with effects mediated through prey and habitat parameters. We quantified sources of uncertainty by bootstrapping vulnerability scores, conducting leave-one-out analyses of individual attributes and individual scorers, and through scoring data quality for each attribute. These results provide information for researchers, managers, and the public on marine mammal responses to climate change to enhance the development of more effective marine mammal management, restoration, and conservation activities that address current and future environmental variation and biological responses due to climate change.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290643 |
| spellingShingle | Matthew D Lettrich Michael J Asaro Diane L Borggaard Dorothy M Dick Roger B Griffis Jenny A Litz Christopher D Orphanides Debra L Palka Melissa S Soldevilla Brian Balmer Samuel Chavez Danielle Cholewiak Diane Claridge Ruth Y Ewing Kristi L Fazioli Dagmar Fertl Erin M Fougeres Damon Gannon Lance Garrison James Gilbert Annie Gorgone Aleta Hohn Stacey Horstman Beth Josephson Robert D Kenney Jeremy J Kiszka Katherine Maze-Foley Wayne McFee Keith D Mullin Kimberly Murray Daniel E Pendleton Jooke Robbins Jason J Roberts Grisel Rodriguez-Ferrer Errol I Ronje Patricia E Rosel Todd Speakman Joy E Stanistreet Tara Stevens Megan Stolen Reny Tyson Moore Nicole L Vollmer Randall Wells Heidi R Whitehead Amy Whitt Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. PLoS ONE |
| title | Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. |
| title_full | Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. |
| title_fullStr | Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. |
| title_short | Vulnerability to climate change of United States marine mammal stocks in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. |
| title_sort | vulnerability to climate change of united states marine mammal stocks in the western north atlantic gulf of mexico and caribbean |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290643 |
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