| Summary: | FMRFamide-related peptides are neuropeptides involved in a wide range of biological processes, including reproduction and larval development. To characterize the involvement of FMRFamide in the reproduction and larval development of Pacific abalone <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>, an FMRFamide cDNA (<i>Hdh-FMRF2</i>) was cloned from the cerebral ganglion (CG). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR were performed for functional characterization. The <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> cDNA encoded 204 deduced amino acids that contained a putative signal peptide and four FaRP domains. The major population of <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> neuronal cell bodies was localized in the cortex of CG. <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in CG during the mature stage of gonadal development and effective accumulative temperature (EAT) exposed abalone in both sexes. In the induced spawning event, <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> expression was significantly upregulated during spawning in males. However, no upregulation was observed in females, suggesting <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> might inhibit gamete release in female abalone. These results revealed <i>Hdh-FMRF2</i> as a reproduction related peptide. Furthermore, mRNA expression in larval development suggested that this peptide was also involved in larval development during development of Pacific abalone. Collectively, this study provides evidence of possible involvement of an FMRFamide neuropeptide in the reproduction and larval development of Pacific abalone.
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