Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection
The chemical composition of tick cuticles acts as a barrier to pathogens and may limit infection by entomopathogenic fungi. This study characterized the cuticular neutral lipids (NL) and hydrocarbons (HCs) of four ixodid ticks that are widely distributed in Brazil. HC extracts were analyzed by gas c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1177 |
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| author | Cárita S. Ribeiro-Silva Elen R. Muniz Valesca H. Lima Cíntia C. Bernardo Walquíria Arruda Rosane N. Castro Patrícia S. Gôlo Isabele C. Angelo Éverton K. K. Fernandes |
| author_facet | Cárita S. Ribeiro-Silva Elen R. Muniz Valesca H. Lima Cíntia C. Bernardo Walquíria Arruda Rosane N. Castro Patrícia S. Gôlo Isabele C. Angelo Éverton K. K. Fernandes |
| author_sort | Cárita S. Ribeiro-Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The chemical composition of tick cuticles acts as a barrier to pathogens and may limit infection by entomopathogenic fungi. This study characterized the cuticular neutral lipids (NL) and hydrocarbons (HCs) of four ixodid ticks that are widely distributed in Brazil. HC extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and used to challenge <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> IP361 and <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> IP146; the effect of cuticular extracts in fungal growth were evaluated by disk diffusion and conidial viability assays. In addition, conidial germination on the tick cuticle was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and NL from ticks treated with fungi were assessed by thin layer chromatography. Six HCs were exclusively identified in <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i>. Additionally, cuticle extracts from <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> and <i>A. sculptum</i> inhibited the growth of <i>M. robertsii</i> IP146 and reduced conidial germination of <i>B. bassiana</i> IP361 to 70% and 49%, respectively; the same extracts also produced cytotoxic effects, with conidial death above 30% and 60%. Electron micrographs showed a delayed germination of conidia incubated for 48 h or 72 h on <i>D. nitens</i> and <i>A. sculptum</i>. The lipid profile of <i>A. sculptum</i> treated with fungi was not significantly altered; triacylglycerol was not detected in the cuticle extracts of any other tick species. Finally, <i>A. sculptum</i> and <i>D. nitens</i> cuticles have lipid components that may limit the development of <i>M. robertsii.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:56:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9343e630c2c74242a8d8615e483be0b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:56:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-9343e630c2c74242a8d8615e483be0b52023-11-24T05:24:27ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-11-01811117710.3390/jof8111177Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal InfectionCárita S. Ribeiro-Silva0Elen R. Muniz1Valesca H. Lima2Cíntia C. Bernardo3Walquíria Arruda4Rosane N. Castro5Patrícia S. Gôlo6Isabele C. Angelo7Éverton K. K. Fernandes8Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, BrazilFaculdade Integradas da América do Sul, Caldas Novas 74692-532, BrazilDepartamento de Histologia, Embriologia e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, BrazilDepartamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, BrazilDepartamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, BrazilThe chemical composition of tick cuticles acts as a barrier to pathogens and may limit infection by entomopathogenic fungi. This study characterized the cuticular neutral lipids (NL) and hydrocarbons (HCs) of four ixodid ticks that are widely distributed in Brazil. HC extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and used to challenge <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> IP361 and <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> IP146; the effect of cuticular extracts in fungal growth were evaluated by disk diffusion and conidial viability assays. In addition, conidial germination on the tick cuticle was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and NL from ticks treated with fungi were assessed by thin layer chromatography. Six HCs were exclusively identified in <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i>. Additionally, cuticle extracts from <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> and <i>A. sculptum</i> inhibited the growth of <i>M. robertsii</i> IP146 and reduced conidial germination of <i>B. bassiana</i> IP361 to 70% and 49%, respectively; the same extracts also produced cytotoxic effects, with conidial death above 30% and 60%. Electron micrographs showed a delayed germination of conidia incubated for 48 h or 72 h on <i>D. nitens</i> and <i>A. sculptum</i>. The lipid profile of <i>A. sculptum</i> treated with fungi was not significantly altered; triacylglycerol was not detected in the cuticle extracts of any other tick species. Finally, <i>A. sculptum</i> and <i>D. nitens</i> cuticles have lipid components that may limit the development of <i>M. robertsii.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1177entomopathogenic fungi<i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i><i>Amblyomma sculptum</i><i>Dermacentor nitens</i><i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>lipids |
| spellingShingle | Cárita S. Ribeiro-Silva Elen R. Muniz Valesca H. Lima Cíntia C. Bernardo Walquíria Arruda Rosane N. Castro Patrícia S. Gôlo Isabele C. Angelo Éverton K. K. Fernandes Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection Journal of Fungi entomopathogenic fungi <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i> <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> lipids |
| title | Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection |
| title_full | Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection |
| title_fullStr | Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection |
| title_short | Cuticular Lipids as a First Barrier Defending Ixodid Ticks against Fungal Infection |
| title_sort | cuticular lipids as a first barrier defending ixodid ticks against fungal infection |
| topic | entomopathogenic fungi <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i> <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> lipids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1177 |
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