Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> remains an important public health threat, globally. Since the emergence of the hypervirulent strain, ribotype 027, new strains have been reported to cause <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) with poor health outcomes, including ribotypes 014/0...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1141 |
| _version_ | 1797590525920935936 |
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| author | Crystal Liu Tanya Monaghan Abbas Yadegar Thomas Louie Dina Kao |
| author_facet | Crystal Liu Tanya Monaghan Abbas Yadegar Thomas Louie Dina Kao |
| author_sort | Crystal Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> remains an important public health threat, globally. Since the emergence of the hypervirulent strain, ribotype 027, new strains have been reported to cause <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) with poor health outcomes, including ribotypes 014/020, 017, 056, 106, and 078/126. These strains differ in their geographic distribution, genetic makeup, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, which can affect their ability to cause disease and respond to treatment. As such, understanding <i>C. difficile</i> epidemiology is increasingly important to allow for effective prevention measures. Despite the heightened epidemiological surveillance of <i>C. difficile</i> over the past two decades, it remains challenging to accurately estimate the burden and international epidemiological trends given the lack of concerted global effort for surveillance, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review summarizes the changing epidemiology of <i>C. difficile</i> based on available data within the last decade, highlights the pertinent ribotypes from a global perspective, and discusses evolving treatments for CDI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93448cd8ebc249ba8283428f4d81196f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-93448cd8ebc249ba8283428f4d81196f2023-11-18T18:02:49ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-07-01127114110.3390/antibiotics12071141Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global PerspectiveCrystal Liu0Tanya Monaghan1Abbas Yadegar2Thomas Louie3Dina Kao4Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, CanadaNational Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UKFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, IranMedicine and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaDivision of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P8, Canada<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> remains an important public health threat, globally. Since the emergence of the hypervirulent strain, ribotype 027, new strains have been reported to cause <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) with poor health outcomes, including ribotypes 014/020, 017, 056, 106, and 078/126. These strains differ in their geographic distribution, genetic makeup, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, which can affect their ability to cause disease and respond to treatment. As such, understanding <i>C. difficile</i> epidemiology is increasingly important to allow for effective prevention measures. Despite the heightened epidemiological surveillance of <i>C. difficile</i> over the past two decades, it remains challenging to accurately estimate the burden and international epidemiological trends given the lack of concerted global effort for surveillance, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review summarizes the changing epidemiology of <i>C. difficile</i> based on available data within the last decade, highlights the pertinent ribotypes from a global perspective, and discusses evolving treatments for CDI.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1141<i>C. difficile</i>epidemiologyCDI trendsribotypesevolving treatmentglobal spread |
| spellingShingle | Crystal Liu Tanya Monaghan Abbas Yadegar Thomas Louie Dina Kao Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective Antibiotics <i>C. difficile</i> epidemiology CDI trends ribotypes evolving treatment global spread |
| title | Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective |
| title_full | Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective |
| title_short | Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Treatment: A Global Perspective |
| title_sort | insights into the evolving epidemiology of i clostridioides difficile i infection and treatment a global perspective |
| topic | <i>C. difficile</i> epidemiology CDI trends ribotypes evolving treatment global spread |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1141 |
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