Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS
Globally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/9/2174 |
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| author | Chengkeng Tan Jinap Selamat Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Rashidah Sukor Suganya Murugesu Alfi Khatib |
| author_facet | Chengkeng Tan Jinap Selamat Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Rashidah Sukor Suganya Murugesu Alfi Khatib |
| author_sort | Chengkeng Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent laying hen (Dekalb) in pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Both pectoralis major and serum were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) results distinguished four different chicken breeds into three main groups for pectoralis major and serum. A total of 30 and 40 characteristic metabolites were identified for pectoralis major and serum, respectively. The four chicken breeds were characterized by the abundance of metabolites such as amino acids (L−glutamic acid, L−threonine, L−serine, L−leucine), organic acids (L−lactic acid, succinic acid, 3−hydroxybutyric acid), sugars (D−allose, D−glucose), sugar alcohols (myo−inositol), and fatty acids (linoleic acid). Our results suggest that an untargeted metabolomics approach using GC–MS and PCA could discriminate chicken breeds for pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions. In this study, village chicken could only be distinguished from colored broiler (Hubbard) by serum samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:40:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93563c4f1b8e4e7ea844b9dfd2817976 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:40:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-93563c4f1b8e4e7ea844b9dfd28179762023-11-22T13:05:22ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-09-01109217410.3390/foods10092174Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MSChengkeng Tan0Jinap Selamat1Nuzul Noorahya Jambari2Rashidah Sukor3Suganya Murugesu4Alfi Khatib5Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, MalaysiaGlobally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent laying hen (Dekalb) in pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Both pectoralis major and serum were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) results distinguished four different chicken breeds into three main groups for pectoralis major and serum. A total of 30 and 40 characteristic metabolites were identified for pectoralis major and serum, respectively. The four chicken breeds were characterized by the abundance of metabolites such as amino acids (L−glutamic acid, L−threonine, L−serine, L−leucine), organic acids (L−lactic acid, succinic acid, 3−hydroxybutyric acid), sugars (D−allose, D−glucose), sugar alcohols (myo−inositol), and fatty acids (linoleic acid). Our results suggest that an untargeted metabolomics approach using GC–MS and PCA could discriminate chicken breeds for pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions. In this study, village chicken could only be distinguished from colored broiler (Hubbard) by serum samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/9/2174GC–MSmetabolomicschickenbiomarkerspectoralis majorserum |
| spellingShingle | Chengkeng Tan Jinap Selamat Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Rashidah Sukor Suganya Murugesu Alfi Khatib Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS Foods GC–MS metabolomics chicken biomarkers pectoralis major serum |
| title | Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS |
| title_full | Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS |
| title_fullStr | Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS |
| title_short | Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS |
| title_sort | muscle and serum metabolomics for different chicken breeds under commercial conditions by gc ms |
| topic | GC–MS metabolomics chicken biomarkers pectoralis major serum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/9/2174 |
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