Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere
This work focuses on the impact of carrier gas on the quantity and quality of pyrolytic products received from intermediate pyrolysis of the brewer’s spent grain. In this study, three types of carrier gases were tested: argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide at three temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2491 |
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| author | Artur Bieniek Wojciech Jerzak Małgorzata Sieradzka Łukasz Mika Karol Sztekler Aneta Magdziarz |
| author_facet | Artur Bieniek Wojciech Jerzak Małgorzata Sieradzka Łukasz Mika Karol Sztekler Aneta Magdziarz |
| author_sort | Artur Bieniek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work focuses on the impact of carrier gas on the quantity and quality of pyrolytic products received from intermediate pyrolysis of the brewer’s spent grain. In this study, three types of carrier gases were tested: argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide at three temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C. On the basis of the process conditions, the yield of products was determined. The ultimate analysis of the char was performed, and for selected chars, the combustion properties were determined. Gas chromatography of the organic fraction of oil was performed, and the compounds were determined. Additionally, microscale investigation of the spent grain pyrolysis was performed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in product yields in various atmospheres. Char yield changed only with temperature from 28% at 500 °C up to 19% at 700 °C. According to ultimate analysis, the char from CO<sub>2</sub> pyrolysis was approximately 2% richer in carbon and this fact did not influence on the combustion properties of the char. The oil fraction was characterized mainly by acids with a maximum content of 68% at 600 °C in an argon atmosphere and the acid concentration depended on the carrier gas as follows line: Ar > N<sub>2</sub> > CO<sub>2</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:54:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-935f061b0a8e4843adc40638b9b4195d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:54:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-935f061b0a8e4843adc40638b9b4195d2023-11-30T23:10:54ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-03-01157249110.3390/en15072491Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas AtmosphereArtur Bieniek0Wojciech Jerzak1Małgorzata Sieradzka2Łukasz Mika3Karol Sztekler4Aneta Magdziarz5Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandThis work focuses on the impact of carrier gas on the quantity and quality of pyrolytic products received from intermediate pyrolysis of the brewer’s spent grain. In this study, three types of carrier gases were tested: argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide at three temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C. On the basis of the process conditions, the yield of products was determined. The ultimate analysis of the char was performed, and for selected chars, the combustion properties were determined. Gas chromatography of the organic fraction of oil was performed, and the compounds were determined. Additionally, microscale investigation of the spent grain pyrolysis was performed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in product yields in various atmospheres. Char yield changed only with temperature from 28% at 500 °C up to 19% at 700 °C. According to ultimate analysis, the char from CO<sub>2</sub> pyrolysis was approximately 2% richer in carbon and this fact did not influence on the combustion properties of the char. The oil fraction was characterized mainly by acids with a maximum content of 68% at 600 °C in an argon atmosphere and the acid concentration depended on the carrier gas as follows line: Ar > N<sub>2</sub> > CO<sub>2</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2491Brewer’s spent grainintermediate pyrolysiscarrier gasfixed bed reactor |
| spellingShingle | Artur Bieniek Wojciech Jerzak Małgorzata Sieradzka Łukasz Mika Karol Sztekler Aneta Magdziarz Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere Energies Brewer’s spent grain intermediate pyrolysis carrier gas fixed bed reactor |
| title | Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere |
| title_full | Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere |
| title_fullStr | Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere |
| title_short | Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere |
| title_sort | intermediate pyrolysis of brewer s spent grain impact of gas atmosphere |
| topic | Brewer’s spent grain intermediate pyrolysis carrier gas fixed bed reactor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2491 |
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