Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey
This study assessed groundwater quality in Alaçam, where irrigations are performed solely with groundwaters and samples were taken from 35 groundwater wells at pre and post irrigation seasons in 2014. Samples were analyzed for 18 water quality parameters. SAR, RSC and %Na values were calculated to e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Water Supply |
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| Online Access: | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3431 |
| _version_ | 1818140926745247744 |
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| author | Mehmet Taşan Yusuf Demir Sevda Taşan |
| author_facet | Mehmet Taşan Yusuf Demir Sevda Taşan |
| author_sort | Mehmet Taşan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study assessed groundwater quality in Alaçam, where irrigations are performed solely with groundwaters and samples were taken from 35 groundwater wells at pre and post irrigation seasons in 2014. Samples were analyzed for 18 water quality parameters. SAR, RSC and %Na values were calculated to examine the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to assess the groundwater quality parameters. The average EC value of groundwater in the pre-irrigation period was 1.21 dS/m and 1.30 dS/m after irrigation in the study area. It was determined that there were problems in two wells pre-irrigation and one well post-irrigation in terms of RSC, while there was no problem in the wells in terms of SAR. Piper diagram and cluster analysis showed that most groundwaters had CaHCO3 type water characteristics and only 3% had NaCl- as the predominant type. Seawater intrusion was identified as the primary factor influencing groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analyses to evaluate polluting sources revealed that groundwater quality is affected by seawater intrusion, ion exchange, mineral dissolution and anthropogenic factors. The use of multivariate statistical methods and geographic information systems to manage water resources will be beneficial for both planners and decision-makers. HIGHLIGHTS
Multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the groundwater quality.;
According to the Piper diagram, 83% of the groundwater was of the CaHCO3 type in both periods.;
The effect of seawater was observed in some wells located 4 km inland from the sea in the post-irrigation period.;
Seawater intrusion has been detected in coastal areas.;
Well number 28 should not be used for irrigation purposes.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:51:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93612486110b4c25b6c4f7057b493c33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-9749 1607-0798 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:51:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Supply |
| spelling | doaj.art-93612486110b4c25b6c4f7057b493c332022-12-22T01:10:15ZengIWA PublishingWater Supply1606-97491607-07982022-03-012233431344710.2166/ws.2021.390390Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, TurkeyMehmet Taşan0Yusuf Demir1Sevda Taşan2 Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, 55139, Samsun, Turkey Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey This study assessed groundwater quality in Alaçam, where irrigations are performed solely with groundwaters and samples were taken from 35 groundwater wells at pre and post irrigation seasons in 2014. Samples were analyzed for 18 water quality parameters. SAR, RSC and %Na values were calculated to examine the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to assess the groundwater quality parameters. The average EC value of groundwater in the pre-irrigation period was 1.21 dS/m and 1.30 dS/m after irrigation in the study area. It was determined that there were problems in two wells pre-irrigation and one well post-irrigation in terms of RSC, while there was no problem in the wells in terms of SAR. Piper diagram and cluster analysis showed that most groundwaters had CaHCO3 type water characteristics and only 3% had NaCl- as the predominant type. Seawater intrusion was identified as the primary factor influencing groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analyses to evaluate polluting sources revealed that groundwater quality is affected by seawater intrusion, ion exchange, mineral dissolution and anthropogenic factors. The use of multivariate statistical methods and geographic information systems to manage water resources will be beneficial for both planners and decision-makers. HIGHLIGHTS Multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the groundwater quality.; According to the Piper diagram, 83% of the groundwater was of the CaHCO3 type in both periods.; The effect of seawater was observed in some wells located 4 km inland from the sea in the post-irrigation period.; Seawater intrusion has been detected in coastal areas.; Well number 28 should not be used for irrigation purposes.;http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3431alaçam townmultivariate statistical techniquespiper diagramseawater intrusion |
| spellingShingle | Mehmet Taşan Yusuf Demir Sevda Taşan Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey Water Supply alaçam town multivariate statistical techniques piper diagram seawater intrusion |
| title | Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey |
| title_full | Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey |
| title_fullStr | Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey |
| title_short | Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey |
| title_sort | groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in alacam turkey |
| topic | alaçam town multivariate statistical techniques piper diagram seawater intrusion |
| url | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3431 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mehmettasan groundwaterqualityassessmentusingprincipalcomponentanalysisandhierarchicalclusteranalysisinalacamturkey AT yusufdemir groundwaterqualityassessmentusingprincipalcomponentanalysisandhierarchicalclusteranalysisinalacamturkey AT sevdatasan groundwaterqualityassessmentusingprincipalcomponentanalysisandhierarchicalclusteranalysisinalacamturkey |