Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane
<p>We review the capability of current and scheduled satellite observations of atmospheric methane in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) to quantify methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources. We cover retrieval methods, precision and accuracy requirements, inverse and mass balan...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/9617/2022/acp-22-9617-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818017705948610560 |
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| author | D. J. Jacob D. J. Varon D. J. Varon D. H. Cusworth D. H. Cusworth P. E. Dennison C. Frankenberg C. Frankenberg R. Gautam L. Guanter L. Guanter J. Kelley J. McKeever L. E. Ott B. Poulter Z. Qu A. K. Thorpe J. R. Worden R. M. Duren R. M. Duren R. M. Duren |
| author_facet | D. J. Jacob D. J. Varon D. J. Varon D. H. Cusworth D. H. Cusworth P. E. Dennison C. Frankenberg C. Frankenberg R. Gautam L. Guanter L. Guanter J. Kelley J. McKeever L. E. Ott B. Poulter Z. Qu A. K. Thorpe J. R. Worden R. M. Duren R. M. Duren R. M. Duren |
| author_sort | D. J. Jacob |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We review the capability of current and scheduled satellite
observations of atmospheric methane in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) to
quantify methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources. We
cover retrieval methods, precision and accuracy requirements, inverse and
mass balance methods for inferring emissions, source detection thresholds,
and observing system completeness. We classify satellite instruments as area
flux mappers and point source imagers, with complementary attributes. Area
flux mappers are high-precision (<span class="inline-formula"><1</span> %) instruments with 0.1–10 km
pixel size designed to quantify total methane emissions on regional to
global scales. Point source imagers are fine-pixel (<span class="inline-formula"><60</span> m)
instruments designed to quantify individual point sources by imaging of the
plumes. Current area flux mappers include GOSAT (2009–present), which
provides a high-quality record for interpretation of long-term methane
trends, and TROPOMI (2018–present), which provides global continuous daily
mapping to quantify emissions on regional scales. These instruments already
provide a powerful resource to quantify national methane emissions in
support of the Paris Agreement. Current point source imagers include the
GHGSat constellation and several hyperspectral and multispectral land
imaging sensors (PRISMA, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8/9, WorldView-3), with
detection thresholds in the 100–10 000 kg h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> range that enable
monitoring of large point sources. Future area flux mappers, including
MethaneSAT, GOSAT-GW, Sentinel-5, GeoCarb, and CO2M, will increase the
capability to quantify emissions at high resolution, and the MERLIN lidar
will improve observation of the Arctic. The averaging times required by area
flux mappers to quantify regional emissions depend on pixel size, retrieval
precision, observation density, fraction of successful retrievals, and
return times in a way that varies with the spatial resolution desired. A
similar interplay applies to point source imagers between detection
threshold, spatial coverage, and return time, defining an observing system
completeness. Expanding constellations of point source imagers including
GHGSat and Carbon Mapper over the coming years will greatly improve
observing system completeness for point sources through dense spatial
coverage and frequent return times.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:30:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93620f9a8336481b969221db741ca40f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:30:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-93620f9a8336481b969221db741ca40f2022-12-22T02:05:53ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242022-07-01229617964610.5194/acp-22-9617-2022Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methaneD. J. Jacob0D. J. Varon1D. J. Varon2D. H. Cusworth3D. H. Cusworth4P. E. Dennison5C. Frankenberg6C. Frankenberg7R. Gautam8L. Guanter9L. Guanter10J. Kelley11J. McKeever12L. E. Ott13B. Poulter14Z. Qu15A. K. Thorpe16J. R. Worden17R. M. Duren18R. M. Duren19R. M. Duren20School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USASchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USAGHGSat, Inc., Montreal, H2W 1Y5, CanadaArizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USACarbon Mapper, Pasadena, 91109, USADepartment of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USADivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USAEnvironmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C., 20009, USAResearch Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, 46022, SpainEnvironmental Defense Fund, Amsterdam, 1017, The NetherlandsGeoSapient, Inc., Cypress, 77429, USAGHGSat, Inc., Montreal, H2W 1Y5, CanadaNASA GSFC, Greenbelt, 20771, USANASA GSFC, Greenbelt, 20771, USASchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USAArizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USACarbon Mapper, Pasadena, 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA<p>We review the capability of current and scheduled satellite observations of atmospheric methane in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) to quantify methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources. We cover retrieval methods, precision and accuracy requirements, inverse and mass balance methods for inferring emissions, source detection thresholds, and observing system completeness. We classify satellite instruments as area flux mappers and point source imagers, with complementary attributes. Area flux mappers are high-precision (<span class="inline-formula"><1</span> %) instruments with 0.1–10 km pixel size designed to quantify total methane emissions on regional to global scales. Point source imagers are fine-pixel (<span class="inline-formula"><60</span> m) instruments designed to quantify individual point sources by imaging of the plumes. Current area flux mappers include GOSAT (2009–present), which provides a high-quality record for interpretation of long-term methane trends, and TROPOMI (2018–present), which provides global continuous daily mapping to quantify emissions on regional scales. These instruments already provide a powerful resource to quantify national methane emissions in support of the Paris Agreement. Current point source imagers include the GHGSat constellation and several hyperspectral and multispectral land imaging sensors (PRISMA, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8/9, WorldView-3), with detection thresholds in the 100–10 000 kg h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> range that enable monitoring of large point sources. Future area flux mappers, including MethaneSAT, GOSAT-GW, Sentinel-5, GeoCarb, and CO2M, will increase the capability to quantify emissions at high resolution, and the MERLIN lidar will improve observation of the Arctic. The averaging times required by area flux mappers to quantify regional emissions depend on pixel size, retrieval precision, observation density, fraction of successful retrievals, and return times in a way that varies with the spatial resolution desired. A similar interplay applies to point source imagers between detection threshold, spatial coverage, and return time, defining an observing system completeness. Expanding constellations of point source imagers including GHGSat and Carbon Mapper over the coming years will greatly improve observing system completeness for point sources through dense spatial coverage and frequent return times.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/9617/2022/acp-22-9617-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | D. J. Jacob D. J. Varon D. J. Varon D. H. Cusworth D. H. Cusworth P. E. Dennison C. Frankenberg C. Frankenberg R. Gautam L. Guanter L. Guanter J. Kelley J. McKeever L. E. Ott B. Poulter Z. Qu A. K. Thorpe J. R. Worden R. M. Duren R. M. Duren R. M. Duren Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| title_full | Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| title_short | Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| title_sort | quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/9617/2022/acp-22-9617-2022.pdf |
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