Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract Background Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17786-6 |
| _version_ | 1797272908363464704 |
|---|---|
| author | Yong Liu Curtis A. Wadey Alan R. Barker Craig A. Williams |
| author_facet | Yong Liu Curtis A. Wadey Alan R. Barker Craig A. Williams |
| author_sort | Yong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance for interpreting and translating the intervention effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the extent to which process evaluation is measured in school-based HIIT interventions and to explore the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, and blood pressure. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The extent to which process evaluation is measured was narratively reported, alongside with the guidance of process evaluation of complex interventions by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to determine the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics to the intervention outcomes. Results The literature search identified 77 studies reporting on 45 school-based HIIT interventions. In total, five interventions reported process evaluation in a section or in a separate study, and only one intervention adopted a process evaluation framework. On average, 6 out of 12 process evaluation measures were reported in all interventions. Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment effects for studies with process evaluation group, whereas all pooled data and studies without process evaluation group showed significant improvement for CRF and body composition. Conclusion Process evaluation is frequently omitted in the literature of school-based HIIT in children and adolescents. Although reporting of process evaluation measures may not directly associate with better intervention outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation of intervention outcomes, thereby enhancing the generalisability and dissemination of the interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:37:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9366139cf8174364a5bd567f14a6395e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:37:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-9366139cf8174364a5bd567f14a6395e2024-03-05T20:36:46ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-02-0124112510.1186/s12889-024-17786-6Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsYong Liu0Curtis A. Wadey1Alan R. Barker2Craig A. Williams3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterChildren’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterChildren’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterChildren’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterAbstract Background Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance for interpreting and translating the intervention effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the extent to which process evaluation is measured in school-based HIIT interventions and to explore the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, and blood pressure. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The extent to which process evaluation is measured was narratively reported, alongside with the guidance of process evaluation of complex interventions by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to determine the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics to the intervention outcomes. Results The literature search identified 77 studies reporting on 45 school-based HIIT interventions. In total, five interventions reported process evaluation in a section or in a separate study, and only one intervention adopted a process evaluation framework. On average, 6 out of 12 process evaluation measures were reported in all interventions. Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment effects for studies with process evaluation group, whereas all pooled data and studies without process evaluation group showed significant improvement for CRF and body composition. Conclusion Process evaluation is frequently omitted in the literature of school-based HIIT in children and adolescents. Although reporting of process evaluation measures may not directly associate with better intervention outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation of intervention outcomes, thereby enhancing the generalisability and dissemination of the interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17786-6Process evaluationHigh-intensity interval trainingSchoolChildren and adolescents |
| spellingShingle | Yong Liu Curtis A. Wadey Alan R. Barker Craig A. Williams Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials BMC Public Health Process evaluation High-intensity interval training School Children and adolescents |
| title | Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| title_full | Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| title_fullStr | Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| title_short | Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| title_sort | process evaluation of school based high intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| topic | Process evaluation High-intensity interval training School Children and adolescents |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17786-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongliu processevaluationofschoolbasedhighintensityintervaltraininginterventionsforchildrenandadolescentsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials AT curtisawadey processevaluationofschoolbasedhighintensityintervaltraininginterventionsforchildrenandadolescentsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials AT alanrbarker processevaluationofschoolbasedhighintensityintervaltraininginterventionsforchildrenandadolescentsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials AT craigawilliams processevaluationofschoolbasedhighintensityintervaltraininginterventionsforchildrenandadolescentsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials |