Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Purpose: To provide the latest evidence on the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir compared to other treatment options for COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochran Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for the relevant records up to April 2021. Moreover, we scanned MedRxiv, Google...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/view/31668 |
| _version_ | 1797765764550230016 |
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| author | Bahman Amani Ahmad Khanijahani Behnam Amani Payam Hashemi |
| author_facet | Bahman Amani Ahmad Khanijahani Behnam Amani Payam Hashemi |
| author_sort | Bahman Amani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To provide the latest evidence on the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir compared to other treatment options for COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochran Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for the relevant records up to April 2021. Moreover, we scanned MedRxiv, Google Scholar, and clinical registry databases to identify additional records. We have used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk of bias tools to assess the quality of studies. This Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software (version 5.3). Results: Fourteen studies were included. No significant difference was observed between lopinavir/ritonavir and non-antiviral treatment groups in terms of negative rate of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on day 7 (risk ratio [RR]: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.09; P=0.17), and day 14 (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.05; P=0.25), PCR negative conversion time (mean difference [MD]: 1.09; 95% CI: -0.10 to 2.29; P=0.07), secondary outcomes, and adverse events (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine as well as lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine regarding the efficacy outcomes (P>0.05). However, lopinavir/ritonavir showed better efficacy than arbidol for the same outcomes (P<0.05). Lopinavir/ritonavir plus arbidol was effective compared to arbidol alone in terms of the negative rate of PCR on day 7 (P=0.02). However, this difference was not significant regarding other efficacy outcomes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lopinavir/ritonavir has no more treatment effects than other therapeutic agents used herein in COVID-19 patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:14:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-936934af9ed3403eb2d81b3d608e1e49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1482-1826 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:14:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-936934af9ed3403eb2d81b3d608e1e492023-08-02T01:25:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences1482-18262021-05-012410.18433/jpps31668Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisBahman Amani0Ahmad Khanijahani1Behnam Amani2Payam Hashemi 3Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Health Administration and Public Health, John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Purpose: To provide the latest evidence on the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir compared to other treatment options for COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochran Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for the relevant records up to April 2021. Moreover, we scanned MedRxiv, Google Scholar, and clinical registry databases to identify additional records. We have used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk of bias tools to assess the quality of studies. This Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software (version 5.3). Results: Fourteen studies were included. No significant difference was observed between lopinavir/ritonavir and non-antiviral treatment groups in terms of negative rate of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on day 7 (risk ratio [RR]: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.09; P=0.17), and day 14 (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.05; P=0.25), PCR negative conversion time (mean difference [MD]: 1.09; 95% CI: -0.10 to 2.29; P=0.07), secondary outcomes, and adverse events (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine as well as lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine regarding the efficacy outcomes (P>0.05). However, lopinavir/ritonavir showed better efficacy than arbidol for the same outcomes (P<0.05). Lopinavir/ritonavir plus arbidol was effective compared to arbidol alone in terms of the negative rate of PCR on day 7 (P=0.02). However, this difference was not significant regarding other efficacy outcomes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lopinavir/ritonavir has no more treatment effects than other therapeutic agents used herein in COVID-19 patients.https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/view/31668 |
| spellingShingle | Bahman Amani Ahmad Khanijahani Behnam Amani Payam Hashemi Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| title | Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | lopinavir ritonavir for covid 19 a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/view/31668 |
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