Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis (PCC) is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where free-range pig rearing is common and hygienic standards are subpar. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 42 villages between June and September 2019 (14 in Songwe district, southwest T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Food and Waterborne Parasitology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676623000288 |
| _version_ | 1827591133685874688 |
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| author | Christina Wilson Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela Hezron Emmanuel Nonga George Makingi Ayubu Jacob Churi Dominik Stelzle Ernatus Martin Mkupasi Veronika Schmidt Hélène Carabin Andrea Sylvia Winkler Helena Aminiel Ngowi |
| author_facet | Christina Wilson Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela Hezron Emmanuel Nonga George Makingi Ayubu Jacob Churi Dominik Stelzle Ernatus Martin Mkupasi Veronika Schmidt Hélène Carabin Andrea Sylvia Winkler Helena Aminiel Ngowi |
| author_sort | Christina Wilson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis (PCC) is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where free-range pig rearing is common and hygienic standards are subpar. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 42 villages between June and September 2019 (14 in Songwe district, southwest Tanzania, and 28 in Kongwa district, central Tanzania). Using a commercial Ag-ELISA kit (apDia, Belgium), circulating antigens of Taenia spp in pig serum were identified and used to calculate the PCC seroprevalence. The study recruited 692 randomly selected households, sampling one pig per household. The relationship between each risk factor and the seroprevalence of PCC at the household and village levels was analysed using mixed logistic regression models. The findings showed that approximately 28% of the pigs were reared in free-range settings, the proportion of households with latrines across the districts was 92%. Twenty-seven percent of households with latrines had water and soap available for hand washing. Sixty-seven (9.7%) tested positive for PCC based on Ag-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence in Kongwa and Songwe districts was 7.3% and 14.0% respectively. In addition, the overall village Ag-ELISA positivity was 9.3%, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.6% – 14.1%. Increasing the age of the pig (OR = 3.13 95% CI = 1.48 – 6.60; p = 0.003), pig originating from outside the household (OR = 0.5 95% CI = 0.25 – 0.99; p = 0.05), and pigs kept in a household that practised deworming (OR = 2.23 95% CI = 1.08 – 4.61; p = 0.03) were important risk factors associated with PCC positivity. Therefore, the high seroprevalence of PCC, up to 14%, calls for rapid and effective control actions such as vaccination and treatment of pigs against PCC, and public health education emphasises on indoor pig rearing, hygienic practices and regular use of latrines. Our findings also point to a potential danger of Taenia. spp infection indicating the possibility of people carrying the adult parasite Taenia solium not only in the rural communities of Kongwa and Songwe districts but also in the urban areas of Tanzania, where pigs from these areas are transported for consumption. To develop effective management measures, further research on taeniasis and cysticercosis in the human population is required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:27:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-936d6091fdb44392b60413a50fe875ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6766 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:27:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Food and Waterborne Parasitology |
| spelling | doaj.art-936d6091fdb44392b60413a50fe875ed2023-12-10T06:16:39ZengElsevierFood and Waterborne Parasitology2405-67662023-12-0133e00215Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional studyChristina Wilson0Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela1Hezron Emmanuel Nonga2George Makingi3Ayubu Jacob Churi4Dominik Stelzle5Ernatus Martin Mkupasi6Veronika Schmidt7Hélène Carabin8Andrea Sylvia Winkler9Helena Aminiel Ngowi10Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Corresponding author at: Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaDepartment of Informatics and Information Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaCenter for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaCenter for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada; Center de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Canada; Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), CanadaCenter for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaTaenia solium porcine cysticercosis (PCC) is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where free-range pig rearing is common and hygienic standards are subpar. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 42 villages between June and September 2019 (14 in Songwe district, southwest Tanzania, and 28 in Kongwa district, central Tanzania). Using a commercial Ag-ELISA kit (apDia, Belgium), circulating antigens of Taenia spp in pig serum were identified and used to calculate the PCC seroprevalence. The study recruited 692 randomly selected households, sampling one pig per household. The relationship between each risk factor and the seroprevalence of PCC at the household and village levels was analysed using mixed logistic regression models. The findings showed that approximately 28% of the pigs were reared in free-range settings, the proportion of households with latrines across the districts was 92%. Twenty-seven percent of households with latrines had water and soap available for hand washing. Sixty-seven (9.7%) tested positive for PCC based on Ag-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence in Kongwa and Songwe districts was 7.3% and 14.0% respectively. In addition, the overall village Ag-ELISA positivity was 9.3%, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.6% – 14.1%. Increasing the age of the pig (OR = 3.13 95% CI = 1.48 – 6.60; p = 0.003), pig originating from outside the household (OR = 0.5 95% CI = 0.25 – 0.99; p = 0.05), and pigs kept in a household that practised deworming (OR = 2.23 95% CI = 1.08 – 4.61; p = 0.03) were important risk factors associated with PCC positivity. Therefore, the high seroprevalence of PCC, up to 14%, calls for rapid and effective control actions such as vaccination and treatment of pigs against PCC, and public health education emphasises on indoor pig rearing, hygienic practices and regular use of latrines. Our findings also point to a potential danger of Taenia. spp infection indicating the possibility of people carrying the adult parasite Taenia solium not only in the rural communities of Kongwa and Songwe districts but also in the urban areas of Tanzania, where pigs from these areas are transported for consumption. To develop effective management measures, further research on taeniasis and cysticercosis in the human population is required.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676623000288Foodborne diseaseTaenia soliumAg-ELISARisk factorMixed logistic regression models - fixed and random effectsTanzania |
| spellingShingle | Christina Wilson Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela Hezron Emmanuel Nonga George Makingi Ayubu Jacob Churi Dominik Stelzle Ernatus Martin Mkupasi Veronika Schmidt Hélène Carabin Andrea Sylvia Winkler Helena Aminiel Ngowi Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study Food and Waterborne Parasitology Foodborne disease Taenia solium Ag-ELISA Risk factor Mixed logistic regression models - fixed and random effects Tanzania |
| title | Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia spp infection in pigs in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | seroprevalence and risk factors for taenia spp infection in pigs in kongwa and songwe districts tanzania a cross sectional study |
| topic | Foodborne disease Taenia solium Ag-ELISA Risk factor Mixed logistic regression models - fixed and random effects Tanzania |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676623000288 |
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