Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i>
<i>Malassezia</i> spp. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnet...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4099 |
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| author | Pierre Madl Roberto Germano Alberto Tedeschi Herbert Lettner |
| author_facet | Pierre Madl Roberto Germano Alberto Tedeschi Herbert Lettner |
| author_sort | Pierre Madl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Malassezia</i> spp. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnetic (uwf-EMF) field exposure (12.6 nT covering 0.5 to 20 kHz) on the growth dynamics and invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i>. The ability to modulate inflammation and innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes was also investigated. Using a microbiological assay, it was possible to demonstrate that, under the influence of uwf-EMF, the invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i> was drastically reduced (d = 2.456, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while at the same time, its growth dynamic after 72 h having been in contact with HaCaT cells both without (d = 0.211, <i>p</i> = 0.390) and with (d = 0.118, <i>p</i> = 0.438) uwf-EM exposure, were hardly affected. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that a uwf-EMF exposure is able to modulate human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in treated keratinocytes and at the same time reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. The findings suggest that the underlying principle of action is hormetic in nature and that this method might be an adjunctive therapeutic tool to modulate the inflammatory properties of <i>Malassezia</i> in related cutaneous diseases. The underlying principle of action becomes understandable by means of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Given that living systems consist mainly of water and within the framework of QED, this water, as a biphasic system, provides the basis for electromagnetic coupling. The oscillatory properties of water dipoles modulated by weak electromagnetic stimuli not only affect biochemical processes, but also pave the way for a more general understanding of the observed nonthermal effects in biota. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-938456cf8a0f44c998f304946e836eb32023-11-16T21:09:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01244409910.3390/ijms24044099Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i>Pierre Madl0Roberto Germano1Alberto Tedeschi2Herbert Lettner3Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaEdge-Institute Italia at PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, I-80125 Napoli, ItalyResearch & Development Unit, Edge-Institute Italia at WHB, I-20123 Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Environmental Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria<i>Malassezia</i> spp. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnetic (uwf-EMF) field exposure (12.6 nT covering 0.5 to 20 kHz) on the growth dynamics and invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i>. The ability to modulate inflammation and innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes was also investigated. Using a microbiological assay, it was possible to demonstrate that, under the influence of uwf-EMF, the invasiveness of <i>M. furfur</i> was drastically reduced (d = 2.456, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while at the same time, its growth dynamic after 72 h having been in contact with HaCaT cells both without (d = 0.211, <i>p</i> = 0.390) and with (d = 0.118, <i>p</i> = 0.438) uwf-EM exposure, were hardly affected. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that a uwf-EMF exposure is able to modulate human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in treated keratinocytes and at the same time reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. The findings suggest that the underlying principle of action is hormetic in nature and that this method might be an adjunctive therapeutic tool to modulate the inflammatory properties of <i>Malassezia</i> in related cutaneous diseases. The underlying principle of action becomes understandable by means of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Given that living systems consist mainly of water and within the framework of QED, this water, as a biphasic system, provides the basis for electromagnetic coupling. The oscillatory properties of water dipoles modulated by weak electromagnetic stimuli not only affect biochemical processes, but also pave the way for a more general understanding of the observed nonthermal effects in biota.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4099<i>Malassezia furfur</i>HaCaTFRACTOShormesisfractal ULF/VLF stimulationQED |
| spellingShingle | Pierre Madl Roberto Germano Alberto Tedeschi Herbert Lettner Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Malassezia furfur</i> HaCaT FRACTOS hormesis fractal ULF/VLF stimulation QED |
| title | Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> |
| title_full | Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> |
| title_short | Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> |
| title_sort | effects of ultra weak fractal electromagnetic signals on i malassezia furfur i |
| topic | <i>Malassezia furfur</i> HaCaT FRACTOS hormesis fractal ULF/VLF stimulation QED |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4099 |
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