Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption
Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstru...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/3/356 |
| _version_ | 1797472317733863424 |
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| author | Philippe Vo Van Marianne Alison Baptiste Morel Jonathan Beck Nathalie Bednarek Lucie Hertz-Pannier Gauthier Loron |
| author_facet | Philippe Vo Van Marianne Alison Baptiste Morel Jonathan Beck Nathalie Bednarek Lucie Hertz-Pannier Gauthier Loron |
| author_sort | Philippe Vo Van |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstructure and thus the histological process responsible for the maturation, including the myelination. Cerebral MRI diffusion tensor imaging sequences, based on water’s motion into the brain, allows a representation of this maturation process. Similarly, the brain’s connections become disorganized. The connectome gathers structural and anatomical white matter fibers, as well as functional networks referring to remote brain regions connected one over another. Structural and functional connectivity is illustrated by tractography and functional MRI, respectively. Their organizations consist of core nodes connected by edges. This basic distribution is already established in the fetal brain. It evolves greatly over time but is compromised by prematurity. Finally, cerebral plasticity is nurtured by a lifetime experience at microstructural and macrostructural scales. A preterm birth causes a negative and early disruption, though it can be partly mitigated by positive stimuli based on developmental neonatal care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:00:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-938c978568304c43bdefeaab86361e5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:00:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-938c978568304c43bdefeaab86361e5b2023-11-24T00:46:56ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672022-03-019335610.3390/children9030356Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic DisruptionPhilippe Vo Van0Marianne Alison1Baptiste Morel2Jonathan Beck3Nathalie Bednarek4Lucie Hertz-Pannier5Gauthier Loron6Department of Neonatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceService d’Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, 75019 Paris, FrancePediatric Radiology Department, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU of Tours, 37000 Tours, FranceDepartment of Neonatology, Reims University Hospital Alix de Champagne, 51100 Reims, FranceDepartment of Neonatology, Reims University Hospital Alix de Champagne, 51100 Reims, FranceU1141 Neurodiderot, Équipe 5 inDev, Inserm, CEA, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, FranceDepartment of Neonatology, Reims University Hospital Alix de Champagne, 51100 Reims, FrancePreterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstructure and thus the histological process responsible for the maturation, including the myelination. Cerebral MRI diffusion tensor imaging sequences, based on water’s motion into the brain, allows a representation of this maturation process. Similarly, the brain’s connections become disorganized. The connectome gathers structural and anatomical white matter fibers, as well as functional networks referring to remote brain regions connected one over another. Structural and functional connectivity is illustrated by tractography and functional MRI, respectively. Their organizations consist of core nodes connected by edges. This basic distribution is already established in the fetal brain. It evolves greatly over time but is compromised by prematurity. Finally, cerebral plasticity is nurtured by a lifetime experience at microstructural and macrostructural scales. A preterm birth causes a negative and early disruption, though it can be partly mitigated by positive stimuli based on developmental neonatal care.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/3/356preterm infantsmicrostructureconnectivityMRI |
| spellingShingle | Philippe Vo Van Marianne Alison Baptiste Morel Jonathan Beck Nathalie Bednarek Lucie Hertz-Pannier Gauthier Loron Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption Children preterm infants microstructure connectivity MRI |
| title | Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption |
| title_full | Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption |
| title_short | Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption |
| title_sort | advanced brain imaging in preterm infants a narrative review of microstructural and connectomic disruption |
| topic | preterm infants microstructure connectivity MRI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/3/356 |
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