Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization
Sonochemical production of tin(II) and tin(IV) sulfides is investigated. Different conditions of syntheses are examined: used solvent (ethanol or ethylenediamine), source of tin (SnCl2 or SnCl4), the molar ratio of thioacetamide to the tin source, and time of sonication. The obtained powders are cha...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100136X |
| _version_ | 1819084063161450496 |
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| author | Grzegorz Matyszczak Paweł Jóźwik Emilia Polesiak Małgorzata Sobieska Krzysztof Krawczyk Cezariusz Jastrzębski Tomasz Płociński |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Matyszczak Paweł Jóźwik Emilia Polesiak Małgorzata Sobieska Krzysztof Krawczyk Cezariusz Jastrzębski Tomasz Płociński |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Matyszczak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sonochemical production of tin(II) and tin(IV) sulfides is investigated. Different conditions of syntheses are examined: used solvent (ethanol or ethylenediamine), source of tin (SnCl2 or SnCl4), the molar ratio of thioacetamide to the tin source, and time of sonication. The obtained powders are characterized by the X-ray diffraction method (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the Tauc method. Raman and FT-IR measurements were performed for the obtained samples, which additionally confirmed the crystallinity and phase composition of the samples. The influence of experimental conditions on composition (is it SnS or SnS2), morphology, and on the bandgap of obtained products is elucidated. It was found that longer sonication times favor more crystalline product. Each of bandgaps is direct and most of them show typical values – c.a. 1.3 eV for SnS and 2.4 eV for SnS2. However, there are some exceptions. Synthesized powders show a variety of forms such as needles, flower-like, rods, random agglomerates (SnS2) and balls (SnS). Using ethanol as a solvent led to powders of SnS2 independently of which tin chloride is used. Sonochemistry in ethylenediamine is more diverse: this solvent protects Sn2+ cations from oxidation so mostly SnS is obtained, while SnCl4 does not produce powder of SnS2 but Sn(SO4)2 instead or, at a higher ratio of thioacetamide to SnCl4, green clear mixture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:42:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-939f972f24e44954a936cacf51974add |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1350-4177 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:42:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-939f972f24e44954a936cacf51974add2022-12-21T18:50:55ZengElsevierUltrasonics Sonochemistry1350-41772021-07-0175105594Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterizationGrzegorz Matyszczak0Paweł Jóźwik1Emilia Polesiak2Małgorzata Sobieska3Krzysztof Krawczyk4Cezariusz Jastrzębski5Tomasz Płociński6Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; Corresponding author.Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska Street 141A, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandSonochemical production of tin(II) and tin(IV) sulfides is investigated. Different conditions of syntheses are examined: used solvent (ethanol or ethylenediamine), source of tin (SnCl2 or SnCl4), the molar ratio of thioacetamide to the tin source, and time of sonication. The obtained powders are characterized by the X-ray diffraction method (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the Tauc method. Raman and FT-IR measurements were performed for the obtained samples, which additionally confirmed the crystallinity and phase composition of the samples. The influence of experimental conditions on composition (is it SnS or SnS2), morphology, and on the bandgap of obtained products is elucidated. It was found that longer sonication times favor more crystalline product. Each of bandgaps is direct and most of them show typical values – c.a. 1.3 eV for SnS and 2.4 eV for SnS2. However, there are some exceptions. Synthesized powders show a variety of forms such as needles, flower-like, rods, random agglomerates (SnS2) and balls (SnS). Using ethanol as a solvent led to powders of SnS2 independently of which tin chloride is used. Sonochemistry in ethylenediamine is more diverse: this solvent protects Sn2+ cations from oxidation so mostly SnS is obtained, while SnCl4 does not produce powder of SnS2 but Sn(SO4)2 instead or, at a higher ratio of thioacetamide to SnCl4, green clear mixture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100136XTin(II) sulfideTin(IV) sulfideNanopowderMicropowderSonochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Matyszczak Paweł Jóźwik Emilia Polesiak Małgorzata Sobieska Krzysztof Krawczyk Cezariusz Jastrzębski Tomasz Płociński Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Tin(II) sulfide Tin(IV) sulfide Nanopowder Micropowder Sonochemistry |
| title | Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization |
| title_full | Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization |
| title_fullStr | Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization |
| title_short | Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization |
| title_sort | sonochemical preparation of sns and sns2 nano and micropowders and their characterization |
| topic | Tin(II) sulfide Tin(IV) sulfide Nanopowder Micropowder Sonochemistry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135041772100136X |
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