Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review
Over the years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has evolved as a competent technology to retrieve energy potential from various organic substrates, including wastewater. However, the energy metabolisms of anaerobic microorganisms, biochemical reactions, and biogas production are affected by various paramet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8618 |
| _version_ | 1827644590089306112 |
|---|---|
| author | Rahul Kadam Kamonwan Khanthong Heewon Jang Jonghwa Lee Jungyu Park |
| author_facet | Rahul Kadam Kamonwan Khanthong Heewon Jang Jonghwa Lee Jungyu Park |
| author_sort | Rahul Kadam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has evolved as a competent technology to retrieve energy potential from various organic substrates, including wastewater. However, the energy metabolisms of anaerobic microorganisms, biochemical reactions, and biogas production are affected by various parameters, including heavy metals. It is important to understand the interaction of heavy metals with anaerobes and their potential influence on the process to enhance energy potential. This review methodically outlines the occurrence and role of heavy metals in the AD process. Additionally, the repercussions of the most common heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Ni) on each stage of AD (i.e., hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis) have been discussed. We found that traces of heavy metals can endorse anaerobic digestion, but inhibition increases with increasing concentration. Methanogenic archaea are more susceptible to heavy metal inhibition than hydrolytic and acidogenic archaea. An improved understanding and relevant intuition will help to promote biogas production along with heavy metal management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93a6fb296b4b472a99771d103d0acb1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-93a6fb296b4b472a99771d103d0acb1d2023-11-24T08:15:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-11-011522861810.3390/en15228618Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A ReviewRahul Kadam0Kamonwan Khanthong1Heewon Jang2Jonghwa Lee3Jungyu Park4Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaOver the years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has evolved as a competent technology to retrieve energy potential from various organic substrates, including wastewater. However, the energy metabolisms of anaerobic microorganisms, biochemical reactions, and biogas production are affected by various parameters, including heavy metals. It is important to understand the interaction of heavy metals with anaerobes and their potential influence on the process to enhance energy potential. This review methodically outlines the occurrence and role of heavy metals in the AD process. Additionally, the repercussions of the most common heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Ni) on each stage of AD (i.e., hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis) have been discussed. We found that traces of heavy metals can endorse anaerobic digestion, but inhibition increases with increasing concentration. Methanogenic archaea are more susceptible to heavy metal inhibition than hydrolytic and acidogenic archaea. An improved understanding and relevant intuition will help to promote biogas production along with heavy metal management.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8618anaerobic digestionheavy metalsfate and effecttoxicityremediation |
| spellingShingle | Rahul Kadam Kamonwan Khanthong Heewon Jang Jonghwa Lee Jungyu Park Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review Energies anaerobic digestion heavy metals fate and effect toxicity remediation |
| title | Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review |
| title_full | Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review |
| title_short | Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review |
| title_sort | occurrence fate and implications of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion a review |
| topic | anaerobic digestion heavy metals fate and effect toxicity remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8618 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rahulkadam occurrencefateandimplicationsofheavymetalsduringanaerobicdigestionareview AT kamonwankhanthong occurrencefateandimplicationsofheavymetalsduringanaerobicdigestionareview AT heewonjang occurrencefateandimplicationsofheavymetalsduringanaerobicdigestionareview AT jonghwalee occurrencefateandimplicationsofheavymetalsduringanaerobicdigestionareview AT jungyupark occurrencefateandimplicationsofheavymetalsduringanaerobicdigestionareview |