Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by species of <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> that can contaminate products of plant origin that are used as animal feed. Through oral exposure, this mycotoxin primarily affects the chicken gastrointestinal system. The pres...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/5 |
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| author | Fernando Galdino Ricci Leticia Rodrigues Terkelli Emerson José Venancio Larissa Justino Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista Alexandre Oba Bianca Dorana de Oliveira Souza Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense Elisa Yoko Hirooka Eiko Nakagawa Itano |
| author_facet | Fernando Galdino Ricci Leticia Rodrigues Terkelli Emerson José Venancio Larissa Justino Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista Alexandre Oba Bianca Dorana de Oliveira Souza Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense Elisa Yoko Hirooka Eiko Nakagawa Itano |
| author_sort | Fernando Galdino Ricci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by species of <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> that can contaminate products of plant origin that are used as animal feed. Through oral exposure, this mycotoxin primarily affects the chicken gastrointestinal system. The present study evaluated the intestinal toxic effects of OTA and the introduction of L-tryptophan to alleviate these effects in chickens. One-day-old chicks were exposed to a single OTA dose (1.4 mg/kg body weight—b.w.) and treated with or without four daily doses of L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg b.w.). Duodenal villus height/crypt depth, fecal immunoglobulin A/immunoglobulin Y (IgA/IgY) levels, and duodenal positive immunoglobulin A cells (IgA<sup>+</sup>) were evaluated by histology, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, respectively, on the 14th day. There were significant changes in the duodenal villus height, crypt depth, and levels of fecal IgA/IgY and duodenal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in groups exposed to OTA. On the other hand, groups exposed to OTA and treated with L-tryptophan showed similar levels of villus height, IgA/IgY levels, and duodenal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells to those of the control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a single dose of OTA orally induces changes in intestinal morphology, levels of IgA/IgY antibodies, and IgA<sup>+</sup> cells. Thus, treatment with L-tryptophan may be a valid alternative means to reduce the harmful effects of OTA on the intestinal mucosa, which requires further study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:35Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-93aeda212e7f4f488683cf69a1734d512023-11-21T02:17:31ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-12-01131510.3390/toxins13010005Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler ChicksFernando Galdino Ricci0Leticia Rodrigues Terkelli1Emerson José Venancio2Larissa Justino3Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos4Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista5Alexandre Oba6Bianca Dorana de Oliveira Souza7Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense8Elisa Yoko Hirooka9Eiko Nakagawa Itano10Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Zootechny, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilLaboratory of Animal Pathology, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Technology, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartment of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by species of <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> that can contaminate products of plant origin that are used as animal feed. Through oral exposure, this mycotoxin primarily affects the chicken gastrointestinal system. The present study evaluated the intestinal toxic effects of OTA and the introduction of L-tryptophan to alleviate these effects in chickens. One-day-old chicks were exposed to a single OTA dose (1.4 mg/kg body weight—b.w.) and treated with or without four daily doses of L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg b.w.). Duodenal villus height/crypt depth, fecal immunoglobulin A/immunoglobulin Y (IgA/IgY) levels, and duodenal positive immunoglobulin A cells (IgA<sup>+</sup>) were evaluated by histology, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, respectively, on the 14th day. There were significant changes in the duodenal villus height, crypt depth, and levels of fecal IgA/IgY and duodenal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in groups exposed to OTA. On the other hand, groups exposed to OTA and treated with L-tryptophan showed similar levels of villus height, IgA/IgY levels, and duodenal IgA<sup>+</sup> cells to those of the control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a single dose of OTA orally induces changes in intestinal morphology, levels of IgA/IgY antibodies, and IgA<sup>+</sup> cells. Thus, treatment with L-tryptophan may be a valid alternative means to reduce the harmful effects of OTA on the intestinal mucosa, which requires further study.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/5IgAIgYmycotoxinsvillicrypts |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Galdino Ricci Leticia Rodrigues Terkelli Emerson José Venancio Larissa Justino Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista Alexandre Oba Bianca Dorana de Oliveira Souza Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense Elisa Yoko Hirooka Eiko Nakagawa Itano Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks Toxins IgA IgY mycotoxins villi crypts |
| title | Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks |
| title_full | Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks |
| title_fullStr | Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks |
| title_short | Tryptophan Attenuates the Effects of OTA on Intestinal Morphology and Local IgA/IgY Production in Broiler Chicks |
| title_sort | tryptophan attenuates the effects of ota on intestinal morphology and local iga igy production in broiler chicks |
| topic | IgA IgY mycotoxins villi crypts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/1/5 |
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