Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location

Device-independent Internet spatial location is needed for many purposes, such as data personalisation and social behaviour analysis. Internet spatial databases provide such locations based the IP address of a device. The free to use databases are natively included into many UNIX and Linux operating...

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Main Authors: Dan Komosny, Paul Pang, Miralem Mehic, Miroslav Voznak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2017-05-01
Series:ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/155
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author Dan Komosny
Paul Pang
Miralem Mehic
Miroslav Voznak
author_facet Dan Komosny
Paul Pang
Miralem Mehic
Miroslav Voznak
author_sort Dan Komosny
collection DOAJ
description Device-independent Internet spatial location is needed for many purposes, such as data personalisation and social behaviour analysis. Internet spatial databases provide such locations based the IP address of a device. The free to use databases are natively included into many UNIX and Linux operating systems. These systems are predominantly used for e-shops, social networks, and cloud data storage. Using a constructed ground truth dataset, we comprehensively evaluate these databases for null responses, returned country/region/city, and distance error. The created ground truth dataset differs from others by covering cities with both low and high populations and maintaining only devices that follow the rule of one IP address per ISP (Internet Service Provider) and per city. We define two new performance metrics that show the effect of city population and trustworthiness of the results. We also evaluate the databases against an alternative measurement-based approach. We study the reasons behind the results. The data evaluated comes from Europe. The results may be of use for engineers, developers and researchers that use the knowledge of geographical location for related data processing and analysis, such as marketing.
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spelling doaj.art-93b281b6911e4549b8fdabcbbc7c3aac2022-12-21T19:30:11ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642017-05-016615510.3390/ijgi6060155ijgi6060155Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial LocationDan Komosny0Paul Pang1Miralem Mehic2Miroslav Voznak3Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600, Czech RepublicDepartment of Computing, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1025, New ZealandDepartment of Telecommunications, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70833, Czech RepublicDepartment of Telecommunications, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70833, Czech RepublicDevice-independent Internet spatial location is needed for many purposes, such as data personalisation and social behaviour analysis. Internet spatial databases provide such locations based the IP address of a device. The free to use databases are natively included into many UNIX and Linux operating systems. These systems are predominantly used for e-shops, social networks, and cloud data storage. Using a constructed ground truth dataset, we comprehensively evaluate these databases for null responses, returned country/region/city, and distance error. The created ground truth dataset differs from others by covering cities with both low and high populations and maintaining only devices that follow the rule of one IP address per ISP (Internet Service Provider) and per city. We define two new performance metrics that show the effect of city population and trustworthiness of the results. We also evaluate the databases against an alternative measurement-based approach. We study the reasons behind the results. The data evaluated comes from Europe. The results may be of use for engineers, developers and researchers that use the knowledge of geographical location for related data processing and analysis, such as marketing.http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/155spatial locationdevice independentIP addressgeolocationdatabaselocation-awarecity populationinternet
spellingShingle Dan Komosny
Paul Pang
Miralem Mehic
Miroslav Voznak
Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
spatial location
device independent
IP address
geolocation
database
location-aware
city population
internet
title Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
title_full Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
title_fullStr Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
title_short Evaluation of Device-Independent Internet Spatial Location
title_sort evaluation of device independent internet spatial location
topic spatial location
device independent
IP address
geolocation
database
location-aware
city population
internet
url http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/155
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