1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach
Natural attenuation (NA) processes represent a valuable option in groundwater remediation. At a heavily 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) contaminated site, Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) in combination with Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) were implemented as a rigorous characterization appr...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/5/728 |
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| author | Giovanna Carpani Massimo Marchesi Ilaria Pietrini Luca Alberti Luciano Massimo Zaninetta Orfan Shouakar-Stash Francesca de Ferra |
| author_facet | Giovanna Carpani Massimo Marchesi Ilaria Pietrini Luca Alberti Luciano Massimo Zaninetta Orfan Shouakar-Stash Francesca de Ferra |
| author_sort | Giovanna Carpani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural attenuation (NA) processes represent a valuable option in groundwater remediation. At a heavily 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) contaminated site, Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) in combination with Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) were implemented as a rigorous characterization approach to evaluate the occurrence of Natural Attenuation in the proximity of the source area. By the use of microcosm experiments, the potential for natural and enhanced biodegradation under anaerobic conditions was documented, following the dichloroelimination pathway. Enrichment factors of −9.1‰ and −11.3‰ were obtained for <sup>13</sup>C while <i>Geobacter</i> spp. and reductive dehalogenase genes (<i>rdhs</i>) were identified as main site-specific biomarkers. At pilot scale, enrichments of 13.5‰ and 6.3‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>37</sup>Cl, respectively, high levels of reductive dehalogenase (<i>rdh</i> group VI) along with the dominance of <i>Geobacter</i> spp. indicated the occurrence of significant dichloroelimination processes in groundwater under anaerobic conditions. By using the site-specific enrichment factors, degradation extents over approximately 70–80% were estimated, highlighting the relevant potential of NA in 1,2-DCA degradation in the vicinity of the source area at the site. The proposed fine-tuned protocol, including CSIA and BMTs, is proven to be effective as a groundwater remediation strategy, properly assessing and monitoring NA at site scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93bb3ee5c7f349929f8327681854b07a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-93bb3ee5c7f349929f8327681854b07a2023-12-03T12:56:42ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-03-0113572810.3390/w130507281,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis ApproachGiovanna Carpani0Massimo Marchesi1Ilaria Pietrini2Luca Alberti3Luciano Massimo Zaninetta4Orfan Shouakar-Stash5Francesca de Ferra6Decarbonization and Environmental R&D, Eni S.p.A., 20097 S. Donato Milanese, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDecarbonization and Environmental R&D, Eni S.p.A., 20097 S. Donato Milanese, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyEni Rewind S.p.A., 20097 S. Donato Milanese, ItalyIsotope Tracer Technologies Inc., Waterloo, ON N2V 1Z5, CanadaDecarbonization and Environmental R&D, Eni S.p.A., 20097 S. Donato Milanese, ItalyNatural attenuation (NA) processes represent a valuable option in groundwater remediation. At a heavily 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) contaminated site, Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) in combination with Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) were implemented as a rigorous characterization approach to evaluate the occurrence of Natural Attenuation in the proximity of the source area. By the use of microcosm experiments, the potential for natural and enhanced biodegradation under anaerobic conditions was documented, following the dichloroelimination pathway. Enrichment factors of −9.1‰ and −11.3‰ were obtained for <sup>13</sup>C while <i>Geobacter</i> spp. and reductive dehalogenase genes (<i>rdhs</i>) were identified as main site-specific biomarkers. At pilot scale, enrichments of 13.5‰ and 6.3‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>37</sup>Cl, respectively, high levels of reductive dehalogenase (<i>rdh</i> group VI) along with the dominance of <i>Geobacter</i> spp. indicated the occurrence of significant dichloroelimination processes in groundwater under anaerobic conditions. By using the site-specific enrichment factors, degradation extents over approximately 70–80% were estimated, highlighting the relevant potential of NA in 1,2-DCA degradation in the vicinity of the source area at the site. The proposed fine-tuned protocol, including CSIA and BMTs, is proven to be effective as a groundwater remediation strategy, properly assessing and monitoring NA at site scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/5/7281,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA)Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA)Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs)natural attenuationgroundwaterenhanced bioremediation |
| spellingShingle | Giovanna Carpani Massimo Marchesi Ilaria Pietrini Luca Alberti Luciano Massimo Zaninetta Orfan Shouakar-Stash Francesca de Ferra 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach Water 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) natural attenuation groundwater enhanced bioremediation |
| title | 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach |
| title_full | 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach |
| title_fullStr | 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach |
| title_short | 1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>37</sup>Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach |
| title_sort | 1 2 dca natural attenuation evaluation in groundwater insight by dual isotope sup 13 sup c sup 37 sup cl and molecular analysis approach |
| topic | 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) natural attenuation groundwater enhanced bioremediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/5/728 |
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