Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) improvement is necessary to increase its contribution to food and nutrition security in the impoverished regions such as the Sub-Saharan African Region. Genetic variability is fundamental to selecting parental genetic resources with agronomic and economic important trai...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Reproduction and Breeding |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667071224000012 |
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| author | Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo Johanna S. Valombola Maliata A. Wanga Konis Elungi Simon K. Awala Lydia N. Horn |
| author_facet | Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo Johanna S. Valombola Maliata A. Wanga Konis Elungi Simon K. Awala Lydia N. Horn |
| author_sort | Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) improvement is necessary to increase its contribution to food and nutrition security in the impoverished regions such as the Sub-Saharan African Region. Genetic variability is fundamental to selecting parental genetic resources with agronomic and economic important traits for recombination. Gamma radiation is one of the valuable mutagens for creating novel mutant populations with allelic combinations needed to develop varieties with the desired traits. In this study, we determined the optimum dosage of gamma irradiation to use in breeding programs to enhance high yield and tolerance to field pests, including Maruca pod borers (Maruca vitrata) in locally adapted cowpea varieties. Seeds of two locally adapted cowpea genotypes (NkR1P3 and NamCp201) were treated with six gamma irradiation doses – 0 (un-irradiated), 75, 150, 300, 450, and 600 Gy. Consequently, the radio-sensitivity test was conducted in seed trays under net house conditions at the experimental field of Ogongo Campus, University of Namibia, Namibia. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Significant interactions (p < 0.001) of genotype and gamma irradiation dosage were found on percentage emergence (%E) and seedling survival percentage (%SS). This revealed that optimum gamma irradiation doses for tested cowpea genotypes where genotypic and dose depended. The significant effect (p < 0.001) of dose on all tested traits revealed the need to identify highly responsive traits for large-scale mutagenesis. Seedling survival rate and shoot length were the most responsive and were consequently used to determine the optimum dose for mutagenesis. The optimum dosage of gamma radiation for genotypes NkR1P3 and NamCp201 ranged between 382 and 427 Gy and 324 and 335 Gy, respectively. These optimal doses can be used to generate genetic variation to improve yield and tolerance to local stresses including tolerance to M. vitrata pod borers. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93c08096ec074779ae547ec1324cb1ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:03:15Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Reproduction and Breeding |
| spelling | doaj.art-93c08096ec074779ae547ec1324cb1ac2024-04-13T04:21:48ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Reproduction and Breeding2667-07122024-06-01428387Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypesPamwenafye I. Nanhapo0Johanna S. Valombola1Maliata A. Wanga2Konis Elungi3Simon K. Awala4Lydia N. Horn5School of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Ogongo Campus, Private Bag X5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Corresponding author.School of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Ogongo Campus, Private Bag X5507, Oshakati, NamibiaAgricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek, NamibiaSchool of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Ogongo Campus, Private Bag X5507, Oshakati, NamibiaSchool of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Ogongo Campus, Private Bag X5507, Oshakati, NamibiaMultidisciplinary Research Services, University of Namibia, Windhoek, NamibiaCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) improvement is necessary to increase its contribution to food and nutrition security in the impoverished regions such as the Sub-Saharan African Region. Genetic variability is fundamental to selecting parental genetic resources with agronomic and economic important traits for recombination. Gamma radiation is one of the valuable mutagens for creating novel mutant populations with allelic combinations needed to develop varieties with the desired traits. In this study, we determined the optimum dosage of gamma irradiation to use in breeding programs to enhance high yield and tolerance to field pests, including Maruca pod borers (Maruca vitrata) in locally adapted cowpea varieties. Seeds of two locally adapted cowpea genotypes (NkR1P3 and NamCp201) were treated with six gamma irradiation doses – 0 (un-irradiated), 75, 150, 300, 450, and 600 Gy. Consequently, the radio-sensitivity test was conducted in seed trays under net house conditions at the experimental field of Ogongo Campus, University of Namibia, Namibia. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Significant interactions (p < 0.001) of genotype and gamma irradiation dosage were found on percentage emergence (%E) and seedling survival percentage (%SS). This revealed that optimum gamma irradiation doses for tested cowpea genotypes where genotypic and dose depended. The significant effect (p < 0.001) of dose on all tested traits revealed the need to identify highly responsive traits for large-scale mutagenesis. Seedling survival rate and shoot length were the most responsive and were consequently used to determine the optimum dose for mutagenesis. The optimum dosage of gamma radiation for genotypes NkR1P3 and NamCp201 ranged between 382 and 427 Gy and 324 and 335 Gy, respectively. These optimal doses can be used to generate genetic variation to improve yield and tolerance to local stresses including tolerance to M. vitrata pod borers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667071224000012Optimum doseGamma radiationMutagenesisCowpea improvementMaruca vitrata |
| spellingShingle | Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo Johanna S. Valombola Maliata A. Wanga Konis Elungi Simon K. Awala Lydia N. Horn Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes Reproduction and Breeding Optimum dose Gamma radiation Mutagenesis Cowpea improvement Maruca vitrata |
| title | Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes |
| title_full | Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes |
| title_short | Optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes |
| title_sort | optimum gamma radiation doses to enhance genetic diversity in selected cowpea vigna unguiculata genotypes |
| topic | Optimum dose Gamma radiation Mutagenesis Cowpea improvement Maruca vitrata |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667071224000012 |
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