Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile
Piscirickettsiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting farmed salmonid in Chile. Several studies have demonstrated the survival of Piscirickettsia salmonis in seawater and the horizontal transmission from infected to non-infected fish; however, the extent of waterborne transmission betwe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Inter-Research
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v12/p263-279/ |
| _version_ | 1818864790591766528 |
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| author | F Bravo JPS Sidhu P Bernal RH Bustamante S Condie B Gorton M Herzfeld D Jimenez FO Mardones F Rizwi ADL Steven |
| author_facet | F Bravo JPS Sidhu P Bernal RH Bustamante S Condie B Gorton M Herzfeld D Jimenez FO Mardones F Rizwi ADL Steven |
| author_sort | F Bravo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Piscirickettsiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting farmed salmonid in Chile. Several studies have demonstrated the survival of Piscirickettsia salmonis in seawater and the horizontal transmission from infected to non-infected fish; however, the extent of waterborne transmission between farms has not been quantified. In this study, we used a stochastic hydrodynamic connectivity-based disease spread model to determine the role of hydrodynamic connectivity and the effect of seawater temperature and salinity on the dynamics of piscirickettsiosis in the Los Lagos region of Chile. Results demonstrate that environmental dynamics play a major role in disease prevalence. The strongest determinants of piscirickettsiosis prevalence were the number of infected farms in upstream waters and the extent of disease outbreaks in upstream waters (total mortality), followed by seawater salinity and temperature. In farms downstream from infected farms, observed disease prevalence 25 wk into the farming cycle was close to 100%, while in farms with little or no exposure to upstream, infected farms, prevalence reached only ~10% by the end of the farming cycle (Week 56). No previous studies have quantified the scales of connectivity associated with piscirickettsiosis or provided risk metrics of waterborne transmission of the disease among farms; these are a novel aspect of this research. The above knowledge regarding the use of the epidemiological model will allow industry and regulators to better target disease control strategies for more effective control of piscirickettsiosis in the study area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:37:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93c11d4c35f84115938f826e414c9f68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1869-215X 1869-7534 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:37:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Inter-Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-93c11d4c35f84115938f826e414c9f682022-12-21T20:25:34ZengInter-ResearchAquaculture Environment Interactions1869-215X1869-75342020-07-011226327910.3354/aei00368Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in ChileF Bravo0JPS Sidhu1P Bernal2RH Bustamante3S Condie4B Gorton5M Herzfeld6D Jimenez7FO Mardones8F Rizwi9ADL Steven10Fundación CSIRO Chile Research, Apoquindo 4700, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, AustraliaFundación CSIRO Chile Research, Apoquindo 4700, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland BioSciences Precinct (QBP), 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaInstituto Tecnológico del Salmón, Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, OF 1802, Puerto Montt, ChileEscuela Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland BioSciences Precinct (QBP), 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaPiscirickettsiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting farmed salmonid in Chile. Several studies have demonstrated the survival of Piscirickettsia salmonis in seawater and the horizontal transmission from infected to non-infected fish; however, the extent of waterborne transmission between farms has not been quantified. In this study, we used a stochastic hydrodynamic connectivity-based disease spread model to determine the role of hydrodynamic connectivity and the effect of seawater temperature and salinity on the dynamics of piscirickettsiosis in the Los Lagos region of Chile. Results demonstrate that environmental dynamics play a major role in disease prevalence. The strongest determinants of piscirickettsiosis prevalence were the number of infected farms in upstream waters and the extent of disease outbreaks in upstream waters (total mortality), followed by seawater salinity and temperature. In farms downstream from infected farms, observed disease prevalence 25 wk into the farming cycle was close to 100%, while in farms with little or no exposure to upstream, infected farms, prevalence reached only ~10% by the end of the farming cycle (Week 56). No previous studies have quantified the scales of connectivity associated with piscirickettsiosis or provided risk metrics of waterborne transmission of the disease among farms; these are a novel aspect of this research. The above knowledge regarding the use of the epidemiological model will allow industry and regulators to better target disease control strategies for more effective control of piscirickettsiosis in the study area.https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v12/p263-279/ |
| spellingShingle | F Bravo JPS Sidhu P Bernal RH Bustamante S Condie B Gorton M Herzfeld D Jimenez FO Mardones F Rizwi ADL Steven Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
| title | Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic connectivity, water temperature, and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in Chile |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic connectivity water temperature and salinity are major drivers of piscirickettsiosis prevalence and transmission among salmonid farms in chile |
| url | https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v12/p263-279/ |
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