Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme
Herein we report the electropolymerization of a scopoletin based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the detection of lysozyme (Lyz), an enzymatic marker of several diseases in mammalian species. Two different approaches have been used for the imprinting of lysozyme based, respectively, on the u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/1/3 |
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| author | Tiziano Di Giulio Elisabetta Mazzotta Cosimino Malitesta |
| author_facet | Tiziano Di Giulio Elisabetta Mazzotta Cosimino Malitesta |
| author_sort | Tiziano Di Giulio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein we report the electropolymerization of a scopoletin based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the detection of lysozyme (Lyz), an enzymatic marker of several diseases in mammalian species. Two different approaches have been used for the imprinting of lysozyme based, respectively, on the use of a monomer-template mixture and on the covalent immobilization of the enzyme prior to polymer synthesis. In the latter case, a multi-step protocol has been exploited with preliminary functionalization of gold electrode with amino groups, via 4-aminothiophenol, followed by reaction with glutaraldehyde, to provide a suitable linker for lysozyme. Each step of surface electrode modification has been followed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which has been also employed to test the electrochemical responses of the developed MIP. The sensors show good selectivity to Lyz and detect the enzyme at concentrations up to 292 mg/L (20 μM), but with different performances, depending on the used imprinting approach. An imprinting factor equal to 7.1 and 2.5 and a limit of detection of 0.9 mg/L (62 nM) and 2.1 mg/L (141 nM) have been estimated for MIPs prepared with and without enzyme immobilization, respectively. Competitive rebinding experiment results show that this sensing material is selective for Lyz determination. Tests were performed using synthetic saliva to evaluate the potential application of the sensors in real matrices for clinical purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93c3ca1a8219490994ea8351c64347f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-93c3ca1a8219490994ea8351c64347f52023-11-21T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742020-12-01111310.3390/bios11010003Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker LysozymeTiziano Di Giulio0Elisabetta Mazzotta1Cosimino Malitesta2Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologie e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyLaboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologie e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyLaboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologie e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyHerein we report the electropolymerization of a scopoletin based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the detection of lysozyme (Lyz), an enzymatic marker of several diseases in mammalian species. Two different approaches have been used for the imprinting of lysozyme based, respectively, on the use of a monomer-template mixture and on the covalent immobilization of the enzyme prior to polymer synthesis. In the latter case, a multi-step protocol has been exploited with preliminary functionalization of gold electrode with amino groups, via 4-aminothiophenol, followed by reaction with glutaraldehyde, to provide a suitable linker for lysozyme. Each step of surface electrode modification has been followed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which has been also employed to test the electrochemical responses of the developed MIP. The sensors show good selectivity to Lyz and detect the enzyme at concentrations up to 292 mg/L (20 μM), but with different performances, depending on the used imprinting approach. An imprinting factor equal to 7.1 and 2.5 and a limit of detection of 0.9 mg/L (62 nM) and 2.1 mg/L (141 nM) have been estimated for MIPs prepared with and without enzyme immobilization, respectively. Competitive rebinding experiment results show that this sensing material is selective for Lyz determination. Tests were performed using synthetic saliva to evaluate the potential application of the sensors in real matrices for clinical purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/1/3lysozyme imprintingpolyscopletinimpedimetric detectionMIP electropolymerizationelectrochemical sensorsMIP for protein |
| spellingShingle | Tiziano Di Giulio Elisabetta Mazzotta Cosimino Malitesta Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme Biosensors lysozyme imprinting polyscopletin impedimetric detection MIP electropolymerization electrochemical sensors MIP for protein |
| title | Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme |
| title_full | Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme |
| title_fullStr | Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme |
| title_short | Molecularly Imprinted Polyscopoletin for the Electrochemical Detection of the Chronic Disease Marker Lysozyme |
| title_sort | molecularly imprinted polyscopoletin for the electrochemical detection of the chronic disease marker lysozyme |
| topic | lysozyme imprinting polyscopletin impedimetric detection MIP electropolymerization electrochemical sensors MIP for protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/1/3 |
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