Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice
Background: Air fresheners are products with fragrances used to mask unpleasant odor in the environment. However, air fresheners contain diverse chemical substances that pose health challenges to the users; hence are of public health significance. Although previous studies have shown that air fres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Arak University of Medical Sciences
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Toxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818491515325906944 |
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| author | Solomon Umukoro* Mary Apara Benneth Ben-Azu Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi Adegbuyi Olawale Aderibigbe |
| author_facet | Solomon Umukoro* Mary Apara Benneth Ben-Azu Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi Adegbuyi Olawale Aderibigbe |
| author_sort | Solomon Umukoro* |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Air fresheners are products with fragrances used to mask unpleasant odor in the environment. However, air fresheners contain diverse chemical substances that pose health challenges to the users; hence are of public health significance. Although previous studies have shown that air fresheners affect the lungs, liver and reproductive organs, the neurobehavioral effects of these agents are yet to be evaluated in details. This study evaluated the neurobehavioral effects and biochemical changes in mice exposed to a solid commercially available air freshener (SAF).
Methods:
Male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 7). Mice in groups 2-6 were exposed to powdered SAF (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 g) via inhalation in their cages for 28 days. Mice in group 1 (control) were not exposed to SAF. The neurobehavioral changes: spontaneous motor activity (SMA), memory, anxiety and depression were evaluated on day 28. The mice brains were then proccessed for determination of malondialdehyde, nitrite, glutathione contents, and the activities of catalase and acetyl-cholinesterase.
Results:
SAF (25-200g) significantly (p<0.05) impaired SMA compared with control. Mice exposed to SAF exhibited increased anxiety and depression-like symptoms relative to control (p<0.05). It also impaired memory and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (p<0.05). Moreover, SAF increased the levels of nitrite and malondialdehyde accompanied by decreased antioxidant molecules (glutathione and catalase) in mouse brain.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that SAF produced neurobehavioral deficits, increased oxidative stress and altered cholinergic system, posing potential health hazards to the regular consumers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:32:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93c806bb5d1b4939be83110c5d2d021f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-2967 2251-9459 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:32:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Arak University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-93c806bb5d1b4939be83110c5d2d021f2022-12-22T01:39:39ZengArak University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Toxicology2008-29672251-94592019-07-011334551Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in MiceSolomon Umukoro*0Mary Apara1Benneth Ben-Azu2Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi3Adegbuyi Olawale Aderibigbe4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.* Corresponding Author: E-mail: umusolo@yahoo.comDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria.Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Background: Air fresheners are products with fragrances used to mask unpleasant odor in the environment. However, air fresheners contain diverse chemical substances that pose health challenges to the users; hence are of public health significance. Although previous studies have shown that air fresheners affect the lungs, liver and reproductive organs, the neurobehavioral effects of these agents are yet to be evaluated in details. This study evaluated the neurobehavioral effects and biochemical changes in mice exposed to a solid commercially available air freshener (SAF). Methods: Male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 7). Mice in groups 2-6 were exposed to powdered SAF (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 g) via inhalation in their cages for 28 days. Mice in group 1 (control) were not exposed to SAF. The neurobehavioral changes: spontaneous motor activity (SMA), memory, anxiety and depression were evaluated on day 28. The mice brains were then proccessed for determination of malondialdehyde, nitrite, glutathione contents, and the activities of catalase and acetyl-cholinesterase. Results: SAF (25-200g) significantly (p<0.05) impaired SMA compared with control. Mice exposed to SAF exhibited increased anxiety and depression-like symptoms relative to control (p<0.05). It also impaired memory and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (p<0.05). Moreover, SAF increased the levels of nitrite and malondialdehyde accompanied by decreased antioxidant molecules (glutathione and catalase) in mouse brain. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SAF produced neurobehavioral deficits, increased oxidative stress and altered cholinergic system, posing potential health hazards to the regular consumers.http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdfAcetylcholinesteraseInhalationNeurobehavioral EffectsOxidative StressSolid Air Freshener |
| spellingShingle | Solomon Umukoro* Mary Apara Benneth Ben-Azu Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi Adegbuyi Olawale Aderibigbe Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice Iranian Journal of Toxicology Acetylcholinesterase Inhalation Neurobehavioral Effects Oxidative Stress Solid Air Freshener |
| title | Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice |
| title_full | Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice |
| title_short | Neurobehavioral Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Solid Air Freshener in Mice |
| title_sort | neurobehavioral effects of prolonged exposure to solid air freshener in mice |
| topic | Acetylcholinesterase Inhalation Neurobehavioral Effects Oxidative Stress Solid Air Freshener |
| url | http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdf |
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