Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm
In order to understand the evaporation and particle formation processes of sprays in technical applications such as fuel injectors or drying processes in the food and pharmaceutical industries in detail, single droplet drying experiments, for example, acoustic levitation, are widely used as model ex...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5036 |
| _version_ | 1797532130105884672 |
|---|---|
| author | Julian F. A. Perlitz Heiko Broß Stefan Will |
| author_facet | Julian F. A. Perlitz Heiko Broß Stefan Will |
| author_sort | Julian F. A. Perlitz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to understand the evaporation and particle formation processes of sprays in technical applications such as fuel injectors or drying processes in the food and pharmaceutical industries in detail, single droplet drying experiments, for example, acoustic levitation, are widely used as model experiments. We combined acoustic levitation and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure the absolute H<sub>2</sub>O concentration in the exhaust gas of a levitation chamber to investigate drying and particle formation processes from single droplets of pure water and protein–water solutions. To that end, we designed and developed a non-invasive, calibration-free TDLAS-based hygrometer to analyze the 1.4 µm overtone band. To increase the detection range of the developed hygrometer and to track the complete drying process of protein solution droplets even after the critical point of drying, the absorption length was extended to a path length of 18 m using an astigmatic multipass cell of the Herriott type. The setup was validated by drying pure water droplets, resulting in a determination of the water mole fraction in a range from 73 ppm to 1314 ppm, with a single scan resolution of 1.7 ppm. For protein solution droplets, the entire drying process, even beyond the critical point of drying, can be tracked and the different phases of the drying process can be characterized at different drying temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93ca79fecdf64d6eb977d9714e36e396 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-93ca79fecdf64d6eb977d9714e36e3962023-11-21T21:59:11ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-05-011111503610.3390/app11115036Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µmJulian F. A. Perlitz0Heiko Broß1Stefan Will2Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyLehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyLehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyIn order to understand the evaporation and particle formation processes of sprays in technical applications such as fuel injectors or drying processes in the food and pharmaceutical industries in detail, single droplet drying experiments, for example, acoustic levitation, are widely used as model experiments. We combined acoustic levitation and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure the absolute H<sub>2</sub>O concentration in the exhaust gas of a levitation chamber to investigate drying and particle formation processes from single droplets of pure water and protein–water solutions. To that end, we designed and developed a non-invasive, calibration-free TDLAS-based hygrometer to analyze the 1.4 µm overtone band. To increase the detection range of the developed hygrometer and to track the complete drying process of protein solution droplets even after the critical point of drying, the absorption length was extended to a path length of 18 m using an astigmatic multipass cell of the Herriott type. The setup was validated by drying pure water droplets, resulting in a determination of the water mole fraction in a range from 73 ppm to 1314 ppm, with a single scan resolution of 1.7 ppm. For protein solution droplets, the entire drying process, even beyond the critical point of drying, can be tracked and the different phases of the drying process can be characterized at different drying temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5036tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopyastigmatic multipass cellacoustic levitationsingle droplet dryingprotein drying |
| spellingShingle | Julian F. A. Perlitz Heiko Broß Stefan Will Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm Applied Sciences tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy astigmatic multipass cell acoustic levitation single droplet drying protein drying |
| title | Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm |
| title_full | Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm |
| title_short | Measurement of Water Mole Fraction from Acoustically Levitated Pure Water and Protein Water Solution Droplets via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm |
| title_sort | measurement of water mole fraction from acoustically levitated pure water and protein water solution droplets via tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy tdlas at 1 37 µm |
| topic | tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy astigmatic multipass cell acoustic levitation single droplet drying protein drying |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5036 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT julianfaperlitz measurementofwatermolefractionfromacousticallylevitatedpurewaterandproteinwatersolutiondropletsviatunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopytdlasat137μm AT heikobroß measurementofwatermolefractionfromacousticallylevitatedpurewaterandproteinwatersolutiondropletsviatunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopytdlasat137μm AT stefanwill measurementofwatermolefractionfromacousticallylevitatedpurewaterandproteinwatersolutiondropletsviatunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopytdlasat137μm |