The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are debilitating diseases that affect millions each year. Long-term consequences include but are not limited to stroke, myocardial infarction, and kidney failure. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a proinflammatory mediator synthesized from a subclass of phosphatid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Cardiogenetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/12/1/5 |
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| author | Nilank Shah Roshni Sethi Sachin Shah Komail Jafri Jonah Duran Yong Chang Chirag Soni Hanna Wollocko |
| author_facet | Nilank Shah Roshni Sethi Sachin Shah Komail Jafri Jonah Duran Yong Chang Chirag Soni Hanna Wollocko |
| author_sort | Nilank Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypertension and atherosclerosis are debilitating diseases that affect millions each year. Long-term consequences include but are not limited to stroke, myocardial infarction, and kidney failure. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a proinflammatory mediator synthesized from a subclass of phosphatidylcholines that increases platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, infiltration of macrophages, and intracellular lipid accumulation, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis. Magnesium, a key micronutrient and free radical scavenger, is a water-soluble mineral that regulates peripheral vasodilation and calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyapatite homeostasis. Magnesium’s antihypertensive ability stems from its role as a natural calcium antagonist and promoter of vasodilatory mediators, such as nitric oxide. Platelet-activating factor and magnesium share an inverse relationship, and elevated magnesium levels have been shown to have protective effects against plaque formation as well as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects, all of which allow for healthier aging. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the role of platelet-activating factor and magnesium in the pathophysiology of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and aging. Since the pathophysiology of the platelet-activating factor biomolecule is underexplored, further research studies are warranted in order to navigate the putative signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective effects of dietary magnesium as a natural anti-PAF agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93ccb7c985474656a1b31fc6b17b2bd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2035-8253 2035-8148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cardiogenetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-93ccb7c985474656a1b31fc6b17b2bd22023-11-24T00:41:35ZengMDPI AGCardiogenetics2035-82532035-81482022-02-01121496210.3390/cardiogenetics12010005The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and AgingNilank Shah0Roshni Sethi1Sachin Shah2Komail Jafri3Jonah Duran4Yong Chang5Chirag Soni6Hanna Wollocko7Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USATouro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USAHypertension and atherosclerosis are debilitating diseases that affect millions each year. Long-term consequences include but are not limited to stroke, myocardial infarction, and kidney failure. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a proinflammatory mediator synthesized from a subclass of phosphatidylcholines that increases platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, infiltration of macrophages, and intracellular lipid accumulation, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis. Magnesium, a key micronutrient and free radical scavenger, is a water-soluble mineral that regulates peripheral vasodilation and calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyapatite homeostasis. Magnesium’s antihypertensive ability stems from its role as a natural calcium antagonist and promoter of vasodilatory mediators, such as nitric oxide. Platelet-activating factor and magnesium share an inverse relationship, and elevated magnesium levels have been shown to have protective effects against plaque formation as well as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects, all of which allow for healthier aging. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the role of platelet-activating factor and magnesium in the pathophysiology of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and aging. Since the pathophysiology of the platelet-activating factor biomolecule is underexplored, further research studies are warranted in order to navigate the putative signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective effects of dietary magnesium as a natural anti-PAF agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/12/1/5hypertensionatherosclerosisplatelet-activating factormagnesium |
| spellingShingle | Nilank Shah Roshni Sethi Sachin Shah Komail Jafri Jonah Duran Yong Chang Chirag Soni Hanna Wollocko The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging Cardiogenetics hypertension atherosclerosis platelet-activating factor magnesium |
| title | The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging |
| title_full | The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging |
| title_fullStr | The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging |
| title_short | The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging |
| title_sort | roles of platelet activating factor and magnesium in pathophysiology of hypertension atherogenesis cardiovascular disease stroke and aging |
| topic | hypertension atherosclerosis platelet-activating factor magnesium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/12/1/5 |
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